Pigmented Lesions Flashcards
If a lesion is pigmented by blood, what will it do when the supply is intravascular and extravascular?
Intravascular: Blanches
Extravascular= Does not blanch
What is a hemangioma? (Intra/extra-vascular) Treatment?
Intravascular lesion that is not present at birth but has rapid growth, but gradual involution.
-Treatment: Will regress on its own.
What is a venus malformation? (Intra/extra-vascular) Treatment?
Intravascular lesion that is present at birth and persists through life.
-Treatment: Small= dont treat. Large=sclerosing agent and later resection.
What is a vascular malformation?
Intravascular structural anomalies of blood vessels.
What is a Sturge-Weber angiomatosis? What are the characteristics?
A vascular proliferation involving tissues of the brain and face.
- unilateral “port wine” stain.
- Meningial angiomas
- seizures
- mental retardation.
What is a varix? characteristic? common location?
Abnormally dialated and tortuous veins due to loss of connective tissue tone.
- Firm, nontenter, blue-purple nodule.
- Common location sublingual
What is Kaposi’s Sarcoma? characteristics? Treatment?
An intravascular neoplasm caused by Herpes-8.
- Painless blue-purple macules/plaques on surface of skin.
- Chemotherapy or Radiation therapy.
What is a submucosal hemorrhage? Petechiae? Ecchymosis?
Bruise from minor trauma.
- P=Very small hemorrhages
- E= blood accumulation greater than 2cm
What is an ephelis? Increases after?
Freckle.
Increases after sun exposure.
What is an oral melanotic macule? characteristics?
Discoloration due to increased melanin production.
- Flat not raised.
- Not related to sun exposure
- No premalignant potential
What is a melanoacanthoma? Characteristics?
A rapidly growing flat, dark-brown to black lesion.
- Most common in african americans
- Biopsy to rule out melanoma
What is a melanocytic nevus? Oral treatement?
A proliferation of melanocytes.
- May be flat, but will eventually be raised or thickened.
- Should always be excised because it can’t be distinguished from melanoma.
What is melanoma? Characteristics? Growth pattern?
malignant neoplasm of melanocytic origin.
- 3rd most common skin cancer.
- Radial and vertical growth phase.
What are the 4 clinicopathological melanoma types?
- Superficial spreading melanoma
- Nodular melanoma
- Lentigo maligna melanoma
- Acral lentiginous melanoma
What are the characteristics of superficial spreading melanoma?
- Most common type of melanoma
- Can occur in young adults.
What are the characteristics of nodular melanoma?
- Appears as a dome-shaped darkly pigmented nodule.
- Grows rapidly
- Always grows vertically and tends to be deeply invasive.
What are the characteristics of lentigo maligna melanoma?
- Occurs most commonly on the face of older adults
- Most slowly growing melanoma.
- Appears as more darkly pigmented nodules arising in a solar lentigo
What are the characteristics of acral lentiginous melanoma?
- Melanomas of oral mucosa.
- Most common melanoma in African-Americans
What is the most important prognostic indicator of melanoma?
Depth of invasion.
What are the Melanoma areas of high risk? BANS
- Interscapular area of the back
- Posterior upper arm
- Posterior and lateral neck
- Scalp
What are the ABCDE clinical features of melanoma?
A=Asymmetry B=Border irregularity C=Color variation D=Diameter greater than 6 mm E=Evolving
What is physiologic pigmentation?
Increased production of melanin.
What is Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome? Characteristics?
genetic mutation of Freckle-like lesions of hands, perioral skin and oral mucosa.
-Gastro-intestinal features as well.
What is Addison’s disease? in terms of oral presentation?
Destruction of adrenal cortex of pituitary gland.
-Stimulates melanocytes causing diffuse brown macular pigmentation of oral mucosa.
What is melasma? AKA?
Hypermelanosis on sun-exposed face and lips.
AKA: Mask of Pregnancy
What can cause drug-induced pigmentation?
- Estrogen
- Anti-malarial drugs
- Anti-psychotic
- Tetracycline
- Minocyclines
What is neurofibromatosis? Characteristics?
Gene mutation that causes “cafe au lait” freckles, multiple neurofibromas and lisch nodules.
Lead and bismuth can cause what kind of discoloring? called?
Blue-gray line along gingival margin.
Called Burtons line.
What is Argyria?
Chronic silver intoxication with diffuse greyish discoloration.
