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6210 Oral Pathology 1 > Pigmented Lesions > Flashcards

Pigmented Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

If a lesion is pigmented by blood, what will it do when the supply is intravascular and extravascular?

A

Intravascular: Blanches

Extravascular= Does not blanch

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2
Q

What is a hemangioma? (Intra/extra-vascular) Treatment?

A

Intravascular lesion that is not present at birth but has rapid growth, but gradual involution.
-Treatment: Will regress on its own.

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3
Q

What is a venus malformation? (Intra/extra-vascular) Treatment?

A

Intravascular lesion that is present at birth and persists through life.
-Treatment: Small= dont treat. Large=sclerosing agent and later resection.

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4
Q

What is a vascular malformation?

A

Intravascular structural anomalies of blood vessels.

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5
Q

What is a Sturge-Weber angiomatosis? What are the characteristics?

A

A vascular proliferation involving tissues of the brain and face.

  • unilateral “port wine” stain.
  • Meningial angiomas
  • seizures
  • mental retardation.
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6
Q

What is a varix? characteristic? common location?

A

Abnormally dialated and tortuous veins due to loss of connective tissue tone.

  • Firm, nontenter, blue-purple nodule.
  • Common location sublingual
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7
Q

What is Kaposi’s Sarcoma? characteristics? Treatment?

A

An intravascular neoplasm caused by Herpes-8.

  • Painless blue-purple macules/plaques on surface of skin.
  • Chemotherapy or Radiation therapy.
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8
Q

What is a submucosal hemorrhage? Petechiae? Ecchymosis?

A

Bruise from minor trauma.

  1. P=Very small hemorrhages
  2. E= blood accumulation greater than 2cm
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9
Q

What is an ephelis? Increases after?

A

Freckle.

Increases after sun exposure.

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10
Q

What is an oral melanotic macule? characteristics?

A

Discoloration due to increased melanin production.

  • Flat not raised.
  • Not related to sun exposure
  • No premalignant potential
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11
Q

What is a melanoacanthoma? Characteristics?

A

A rapidly growing flat, dark-brown to black lesion.

  • Most common in african americans
  • Biopsy to rule out melanoma
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12
Q

What is a melanocytic nevus? Oral treatement?

A

A proliferation of melanocytes.

  • May be flat, but will eventually be raised or thickened.
  • Should always be excised because it can’t be distinguished from melanoma.
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13
Q

What is melanoma? Characteristics? Growth pattern?

A

malignant neoplasm of melanocytic origin.

  • 3rd most common skin cancer.
  • Radial and vertical growth phase.
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14
Q

What are the 4 clinicopathological melanoma types?

A
  1. Superficial spreading melanoma
  2. Nodular melanoma
  3. Lentigo maligna melanoma
  4. Acral lentiginous melanoma
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of superficial spreading melanoma?

A
  • Most common type of melanoma

- Can occur in young adults.

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of nodular melanoma?

A
  • Appears as a dome-shaped darkly pigmented nodule.
  • Grows rapidly
  • Always grows vertically and tends to be deeply invasive.
17
Q

What are the characteristics of lentigo maligna melanoma?

A
  • Occurs most commonly on the face of older adults
  • Most slowly growing melanoma.
  • Appears as more darkly pigmented nodules arising in a solar lentigo
18
Q

What are the characteristics of acral lentiginous melanoma?

A
  • Melanomas of oral mucosa.

- Most common melanoma in African-Americans

19
Q

What is the most important prognostic indicator of melanoma?

A

Depth of invasion.

20
Q

What are the Melanoma areas of high risk? BANS

A
  • Interscapular area of the back
  • Posterior upper arm
  • Posterior and lateral neck
  • Scalp
21
Q

What are the ABCDE clinical features of melanoma?

A 
A=Asymmetry 
B=Border irregularity
C=Color variation
D=Diameter greater than 6 mm
E=Evolving
22
Q

What is physiologic pigmentation?

A

Increased production of melanin.

23
Q

What is Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome? Characteristics?

A

genetic mutation of Freckle-like lesions of hands, perioral skin and oral mucosa.
-Gastro-intestinal features as well.

24
Q

What is Addison’s disease? in terms of oral presentation?

A

Destruction of adrenal cortex of pituitary gland.

-Stimulates melanocytes causing diffuse brown macular pigmentation of oral mucosa.

25
Q

What is melasma? AKA?

A

Hypermelanosis on sun-exposed face and lips.

AKA: Mask of Pregnancy

26
Q

What can cause drug-induced pigmentation?

A
  • Estrogen
  • Anti-malarial drugs
  • Anti-psychotic
  • Tetracycline
  • Minocyclines
27
Q

What is neurofibromatosis? Characteristics?

A

Gene mutation that causes “cafe au lait” freckles, multiple neurofibromas and lisch nodules.

28
Q

Lead and bismuth can cause what kind of discoloring? called?

A

Blue-gray line along gingival margin.

Called Burtons line.

29
Q

What is Argyria?

A

Chronic silver intoxication with diffuse greyish discoloration.

6210 Oral Pathology 1 (11 decks)

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