Oral Cancer and Precursor Lesions Flashcards
What will hyperkeratosis, epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma-in-situ, and squamous cell carcinoma looks like under the microscope?
H: Increased thickness of keratin layer
D: Variation in size and shape, and nuclei of epi cells
CI-S: Full thickness nuclear pleomorphism
SCC: Invades down into tissue below.
What is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia? Characteristics?
High risk form of leukoplakia.
- Multi-focal white plaque lesions with rough surface.
- Increased tendency to develop to SCC.
What does smokeless tobacco keratosis look like? Characteristics?
Grey-white plaque that blends into surrounding area.
- Painless gingival recession, without bone loss.
- no increased risk of cancer.
What is oral submucous fibrosis? chance for cancer?
A white fibrosis that develops in the mouth with the chronic use of betel quid or paan.
-increased risk of cancer.
What is erythroplakia?
A red patch that cannot be clinically or pathologically diagnosed as any other condition. Need to biopsy to see whats going on.
What is erytrholeukoplakia?
A red/white lesion that can’t be clinically diagnosed.
What is actinic cheilitis? Characteristics?
A premalignant change of lip vermilion.
- Slow development
- Rough patches
- Leukoplakia…
- Ulcers.
what is the most common oral cancer? Survival rate? Who can get it? Risk factors?
Squamous cell carcinoma.
- Low survival rate
- Risks include tobacco, alcohol, HPV, genetic mutations
- But anyone can get it!!
What are the signs of early SCC?
- Clinically visible precursor lesions
- Persistent and localized.
- Not painful
If a questionable lesions shows no sign of healing in 14 days after diagnosal causes removed, what should you do?
Consider it malignant and biopsy it!!
In order from malignancy potential, list these diseases.
- Smooth thin, leukoplakia
- Erythroplakia
- Smokless tobacco keratosis
- Lichen planus
- Nicotine palatinus in reverse smokers
- Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia.
- erythroleukoplakia
- Smooth, thick leukoplakia.
- Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
- Nicotine palatinus in reverse smokers
- Erythroplakia
- Erythroleukoplakia
- Smooth, thick leukoplakia
- Smokless tobacco keratosis
- Lichen planus (+/-)
- Smooth, thin Leukoplakia (+,-)
What is the TNM staging system?
Tumor size, nodes effected, metastasis
What is verrucous carcinoma?
A low-grade (slow growing) cancer with writhe, rough, warty surface.
What are the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma? Looks like? Occurs in oral cavity?
-Slow growing
-Associated with sun exposure
-Smooth, raised, shiny or translucent border with depressed center thats often ulcerated.
DOES NOT occur in mouth.
What is the general rule with location/sun exposure in basal cell vs sqaumous cell carcinoma?
- Basal= Above lip tragus line, Chronic sun exposure
2. Squam= Below lip tragus line, acute sun damage.
