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oral path 1 > pigmented lesion > Flashcards

pigmented lesion Flashcards

1
Q

intravascular pigmentation

A

blanches

hemangioma, vascular malformation, varix, kaposis sarcoma

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2
Q

extravascular pigmentation

A

does not blanch

petichiae, ecchymosis, hematoma

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3
Q

hemagioma

A

not present at birth, rapid onset
tumor of infancy
gradual involution (go away)

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4
Q

venus malformation

A

present at birth and persist through life

anomalies of blood vessels

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5
Q

hemangioma tx

A

will regress on their own or use systemic corticosteroids

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6
Q

venus malformation tx

A

small - no tx
large - sclerosing agent
biopsy is contraindicated

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7
Q

sturge-weber syndrome

A

non hereditary developmental condition

leptomeningeal angiomas may cause convulsive disorder or retardation

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8
Q

tx of sturge-weber

A

may require neurosurgical tx

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9
Q

varix

A

abnormally dilated and tortuous veins usually in older adults
loss of CT tone

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10
Q

common location of varix

A

sublingual varix

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11
Q

kaposi’s sarcoma

A

caused by HHV8
associated with HIV
painless blue-purple macules/plaques

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12
Q

sarcoma

A

originates in mesenchymal tissue

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13
Q

carcinoma

A

originates in epithelial tissue

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14
Q

petechiae

A

very small hemorrhages into skin, mucous, serosa

doesn’t blanche

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15
Q

ecchymosis

A

blood accumulation greater than 2cm

doesn’t blanche

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16
Q

hematoma

A

accumulation produces a mass

doesn’t blanche

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17
Q

ephelis

A

freckle
increased melanin production
more pronounced after sun exposure

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18
Q

oral melanotic macule

A

increased melanin production
flat
not related to sun exposure
not premalignant

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19
Q

melanoacanthoma is most common in his race

A

african americans

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20
Q

management of melanoacanthoma

A

biopsy to rule out melanoma

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21
Q

nevus

A

proliferation of melanocytes

22
Q

t/f oral nevus is considered premalignant and should be completely excised

A

true

23
Q

t/f melanoma can always be distinguished

A

false

24
Q

melanoma

A

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes due to acute sun exposure

25
Q

top 3 most common skin cancers

A
  1. basal cell
  2. squamous cell
  3. melanoma
26
Q

what are we most worried about, horizontal or vertical growth?

A

vertical

27
Q

4 clinicopathologic types of melanoma

A
  1. superficial spreading melanoma
  2. nodular melanoma
  3. lentigo maligna melanoma
  4. acral lentiginous melanoma
28
Q

most common type of melanoma

A

superficial spreading melanoma

can occur in young adults

29
Q

nodular melanoma

A

deeply invaseive, rapid growth

dome shaped annd dark pigmented

30
Q

lentigo maligna melanoma

A

most common on face of older pts
arise in solar lentigo
slowest growthing

31
Q

acral lentiginous melanoma

A

melanomas of oral mucosa

32
Q

t/f. the most important prognostic indicator is the histologic depth of invasion

A

true.

33
Q

what is BANS and what does it stand for

A 
areas of poor prognosis
interscapular area of Back
post upper Arm
post and lat Neck
Scalp
34
Q

what does oral melanoma look like in the begining

A

brown black macule

35
Q

t/f benign and malignant melanocytic lesions are all clinically indistiguishable

A

true.

36
Q

5 yr survival rate of oral melanoma

A

13-22%

37
Q

peutz jeghers syndrome

A

freckle-like genetic mutation

38
Q

GI features of peutz jeghers

A

intestinal polyps (not premalignant), intestinal obstruction, maligancy 33% by age 60

39
Q

oral lesion seen in 90% of puetz jeghers pts

A

vermillion zone, labial/buccal mucosa, and tongue

1-4mm blue/gray macules

40
Q

addisons

A

destruction of the adrenal cortex or pit gland (increased ACTH)

41
Q

is smoking-associated melanosis premalignant

A

no

42
Q

how does smoking cause pigmentation of the oral soft tissues

A

stimulation of melanocyte activity by tobacco

43
Q

melasma

A

aka, the mask of pregnancy, is irregular, symmetric, brown macules on sun exposed face and lips

44
Q

the use of ____ may also cause melasma

A

oral contraceptives

45
Q

drugs that can cause pigmentation

A

AZT, tetracycline, minocyclines

46
Q

neurofibromatosis

A

syndrome including axillary freckling, neurofibromas, lisch nodules (eye pigmentation), cafe au lait spots (6 at least)

47
Q

heavy metals that can pigment epithelium

A

arsenic, bismuth, platinum, lead, silver, mercury

48
Q

gingival line associated with lead and bismuth

A

Burtons line

49
Q

chronic silver intoxication

A

argyria

50
Q

amalgam tattoo appearance

A

macular and gray with soft moderately defined lines

51
Q

sturge-weber syndrome signature color

A

port wine

52
Q

t/f. melanoacanthoma often demonstrates slow growth

A

false. rapid

oral path 1 (11 decks)

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