Piggies! Flashcards
Vertebral Column and Back
C7, T14-15, L 6-7, S4, Cd 20-23
How many digits does porcine have?
4
2 are accessory digits because they never hit the ground
Carpal glands
Cutaneous apocrine glands on the caudomedial aspect
Mark (pheromones) sows during copulation
Territorial markings
Significant structures on the head
Snout (only porcine)
Rostral bone (supports the snout)
Rostral plate
Rooting
Normal behavior
Rings on rostral plate stop this behavior
Mammary glands
7 pairs of mammary glands (thoracic, cranial and caudal abdominal and inguinal)
Cr. abdominal drains to superficial cervical and cd. to superficial inguinal
How is the brain protected?
2 bone plates so pigs cannot be reliably stunned by hammer or captive bolt (inhumane)
What do pigs require for humane slaughter?
Electrocution or CO2 gas
Pig dentition
I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 3/3
Canines or Tusks
Sows: growth stops after 2 years and don’t project from mouth
Boars: Grows throughout life, must be cut
Deciduous incisors
Needle teeth
Sharp and might hurt mother’s teat or littermates, ripped off
Larynx
Forms an obtuse angle with trachea
CS: difficult to intubate
What lymphatic structures are in the pig?
Mandibular (6 principal nodes, 4 accessory)
Parotid Center
Retropharyngeal Center (2 lateral, 1 middle)
Superficial cervcical center
Deep cervical center
Superficial cervical center
Only species with 3:
Dorsal- dor to omotransversarius m.
Middle- ven. to omo
Ven- deep to brachiocephalic m.
I/M and SubQ injections
@ neck caudal to the ear
CS: no glutes or back muscles!!! (valuable meat)
Lungs
Left: cr. and cd.
Right: cr. cd. md. accessory
____________________ ventilates the right cranial lobe
Tracheal bronchus (inflamed when they have pneumonia)
Bronchial center (Tracheobronchial nodes)
Located @ the origin of the bronchi
Drains lungs, heart, pericardium
Sends lymph to cr. mediastinal LNs or directly to thoracic duct
Thoracic duct
Runs from cd. to cr. between aorta and esophagus, passing trachea at its left side before joining cr. vena cava
Where is the azygous vein located?
On the left
Basal border
4- 12 ICS
Line of pleural reflection
6-14 ICS (auscultation cranial-dorsal)
Thoracocentesis
6-7th ICS on either side
Dorsal thoracic nodes (close to aorta)
Drains dorsal part fo the thoracic wall and mediastinum
Ventral thoracic nodes (sternal nodes)
Drains the ventral part fo the thoracic wall and first 2 or 3 pairs of mammary glands
Cranial mediastinal nodes
Cranially to the base of the heart
Drains neck and mediastinal contents
Efferent open in veins and in thoracic duct
Caudal Medastinal nodes
Caudally to the base of the heart- inconsistent
Drains adjacent structures
Efferent open in dorsal thoracic nodes and tracheobronchial nodes
Duodenum papilla
Major duodenal papilla 3 cm from pylorus- bile duct
Minor duodenal papilla 10 cm- accessory pancreatic duct
Where does the cardia of the stomach open into?
Non-glandular portion
T/F: the cecum is on the left in the pig
TRUE (only animal)
Large intestine
Sacculated
3 teniae on cecum
2 teniae on colon (centripetal, centrifugal, transverse and descending)
How does the kidney drain?
Pyramid –> minor calices –> major calices –> renal pelvis
Abdominal roof LNs
Aortic, renal, lateral and medial iliac
Nodes associated with viscera supplied by celiac artery
Celiac, hepatic, gastric, splenic, pancreaticoduodenal
Nodes associated with viscera supplied by cranial mesenteric artery
Jejunal, colic and ileocolic
Pelvis
Ischial tuber and body of ischium unites in few pigs
Detachment due to pull of hamstring muscles
Whey is the female urethra difficult to catheterize?
Presence of suburethral diverticulum
The obstruction of the uterine tube causes _____________
infertility (hydrosalpinx)
How would you describe the uterine horns?
Intestiniform
Pigs have a _____________ placenta
Diffuse
Scrotum position
Perineal
Dorsocaudally pointed tail of epididymus
Dorsal Diverticulum
Collection of cell debris soaked in urine containing pheromones
Eliminated before copulation to encourage the sow to assume her position
Castration
Performed 2-4 days old to facilitate safe handling, good management, and ensure carcass quality
What causes meat to be tainted?
Androsterone (testicles)
Skatole (by-product of bacterial activity in gut)
T/F: Castration of old boars in usually closed
FALSE, its open ;)
Which accessory sec organs don’t pigs have?
Ampulla
What drains the thighs and legs?
Superficial inguinal and subiliac LNs
efferents drains to medial iliac LNs
Popliteal LNs
Drains structures from distal part of the limb to the medial iliac nodes and gluteal nodes
