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2. Anatomy > Female Genitalia > Flashcards

Female Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the female reproductive system important?

A

Breeding soundness
Rectal palpation
Various diseases

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2
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Roofed by sacrum and first 2 or 3 caudal vertebra
Narrowed caudally

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3
Q

What is the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity protected by?

A

Sacrosciatic ligament

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4
Q

What structures does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

Rectum/ anal canal
Bladder/ urethra
Reproductive organs

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5
Q

How are the pelvic inlets different in males and females?

A

F: rounded and wide, outlet smaller than inlet
M: angular and cramped

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6
Q

Rectum

A

Terminal part of the GI tract
Retroperitoneal (outside peritoneal cavity)

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7
Q

How is the rectum located in males and mares

A

M: dorsal to bladder, urethra and accessory repro glands
F: dorsal to uterus and vagina

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8
Q

Urethra

A

Opens into vestibule caudal to the transverse fold of the hymen
Accessible to urethroscopy/ catheterization

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9
Q

Bladder

A

Located rectoperitoneally
Mares: Neck on floor of pelvis, when filled it moves cranial,y

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10
Q

Where is the bladder located in neonates?

A

In the abdominal cavity

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11
Q

What is the CS for the bladder

A

Patent urachus/ urine leaking

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12
Q

Recto-Vaginal Tears/ Fistula

A

From dystocia
An heal naturally or be sutured
CS of rectum/ vagina

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13
Q

CS of the urethra opening

A

Locate transverse fold in vestibule
Catheter inserted for urine

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14
Q

Trans- vaginal colpotomy

A

Trans-vaginal approach for ovarioectomy
Bloodless
Ovariectomy for granulosa cell tumor

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15
Q

What are the 7 female reproductive organs?

A
  1. Ovaries (2)
  2. Uterine tubes
  3. Uterine body
  4. Cervix
  5. Vagina
  6. Vestibule
  7. Vulva
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16
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

Bean shaped on both sides of the dorsal abdomen, ventral to the 4th or 5th lumbar vertebra, caudal to kidneys, cranioventral to iliac wings

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17
Q

The ovaries are suspended with __________

A

Mesovarium

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18
Q

Structure of the ovary

A

Contains a cranial and caudal pole
Attached dorsally, free ventrally
Ovulation fossa on ventral border
Covered by peritoneum

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19
Q

How is the inside of the ovary made up?

A

Medulla: vascular and superficial
Cortex: deep with follicles

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20
Q

What do the follicles do?

A

Reach the surface of the ovary at the ovulation fossa when it’s time for ovulation —> corpus lutetium develops

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21
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

Produce gametes and hormones

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22
Q

How are ovaries examined?

A

Rectal palpation and ultrasound

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23
Q

During breeding season, which structures should be determine on the ovary?

A

Corpus luteum (doesn’t protrude on surface)
Follicles
Determine the appropriate time for breeding

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24
Q

CS of the ovary

A
  1. Granulosa cell tumor: Mares show stallion-like behavior
  2. Cystic ovary
    Both require ovariectomy
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25
Ovariectomy
Removal of ovaries in mares Through flank incision or trans-vagina incision (good because ovaries are retroperitoneum)
26
Oviduct
20-30 cm in length with infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus Transports oocyte from ovary to the uterine body and site of fertilization
27
What happens to the oviduct during estrus?
Isthmus contracts to propel sperm Oviductal papilla contains uterotubal junction that helps with sperm selection
28
Infundibulum
Funnel-shape attached to the lateral surface of the ovary @ the ovulation fossa Uses fimbriae to move oocyte from ovary to oviduct
29
Ampulla
Site of fertilization
30
Isthmus
Narrowest portion Highly muscular, helps transport embryo to uterus
31
Movement if the oocyte
Ovary —> infundibulum —> oviduct/ uterine tube —> ampulla —> isthmus
32
What does the isthmus do during estrous?
Contracts to propel the spermicide towards the ampulla and the ovum
33
Oviductal papilla
Center is uterotubal junction Helps with selection of sperms making it difficult for poor swimming sperms to pass
34
Uterus
Two horns and a body Suspended in the pelvic cavity by the broad ligament dorsally
35
The broad ligament closest to the uterus is _________
Mesometrium
36
Why are the layers of the uterine wall?
Serosa: continuous with broad lig Myometeium: inner circular, outer longitudinal Endometrium: glandular and secretory
37
When does the myometrium contract?
During estrous and parturition Changes tone during rectal palpation
38
Placenta in equine?
Chorioallantoic Diffuse
39
What is the blood supply of the uterus?
Uterine artery/ vein Uterine branch of the vaginal artery/ vein Uterine branch of the ovarian artery/ vein *rupture causes hematoma in broad ligament*
40
What are the CS of the uterus?
Pyometra Uterine prolapse Uterine cysts Uterine lovage (clean/ issue antibiotics) Dystocia
41
Dystocia
Abnormal parturition
42
Pyometra
Pus in the uterus Results from infection
43
Cervix
5-7.5 cm long, 2-4 cm wide Thick and palpable Elastic fibers allow contraction and expansion
44
Folds in the cervix
Only have longitudinal folds that are continuous with the endometrial folds of the body of the uterus
45
What are the functions of the cervix?
Lubrication during estrous Barrier during pregnancy Production of mucus (plug)
46
Mucus plug during pregnancy
Formed to help occlude the cervix Makes it less permeable to bacteria and foreign objects
47
What happens to the cervix estrous?
Cervix flaccid External os of the cervix lies on the floor of the vagina
48
Vagina (vaginal vault)
Tubular, 15-20 cm long Dorsal to bladder, ventral to the rectum
49
Where is the vagina located
Cranially: within peritoneal cavity covered with Serosa Posterior portion: larger, retroperitoneal *injuries don’t proliferate in peritoneal space*
50
Vagina epithelium
Stratified squamous (no glands)
51
T/F: the vagina is normally collapsed except during breeding and parturition
TRUE
52
Transverse fold
On the floor of the vagina Remnant if the hymen Lies cranial to the urethral opening
53
What is the CS of the transverse fold?
Urine pooling —> treat by Cerclage suture: suturing fold to prevent urine from back flowing to the vagina and vestibule (infections)
54
Vestibule
Space from the urethral orifice to the vulva Glandular and secretes mucous for lubrication
55
Vulva
12-15 cm long 5-7 cm ventral to the anus Dorsal pointed and ventral rounded commissure
56
Wind sucking
Change in confirmation in vulva, predisposes to adoration of feces, fluid, foreign material, or air into vagina
57
How do you correct wind sucking?
Caslick procedure (vulvopasty)
58
Labia of the vulva
Strong muscles that keep vulvar opening closed Provide barrier against foreign bodies
59
CS of the vulva
Wind sucking Melanoma Perineal laceration
60
Clitoris
Covered with preputial fold Has clitoral fossa and clitoral sinuses (medial and lateral sinuses)
61
Glans clitoris
Exposed when mare in heat Causing clit to wink or cause movement of the labia
62
What do the sinuses and fossa of the clitoris harbor?
Bacteria called Taylorella equigenitalis causing Contagious equine metritis (CEM)
63
Udder
Consists of 2 halves each with 1 teat with 2-3 openings
64
Halves of the udder
Attached to abdominal wall by Suspensory ligament and supplied by external pudendal artery and vein

2. Anatomy (14 decks)

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