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KAMSC STUDY SEMESTER TWO > Pig Disection > Flashcards

Pig Disection Flashcards

1
Q

Fun Facts about mammals

A

originated 220 million years ago
many different species

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2
Q

what are the three main groups of mammals

A

Monotremes (egg-laying)
Marsupials (with a pouch)
Eutherian (normal)

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3
Q

urogenital opening

A

opening that determines sex of pig

  • if near umbilical cord- MALE
  • if near anus- FEMALE

same as urethra (?)

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4
Q

True of False: The urogenital papilla is present in both male and female pigs

A

FALSE- just females, will be near urogenital opening

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5
Q

True or False: both male and female pigs have rows of nipples and umbilical cord

A

TRUE!

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6
Q

When in the womb, what is the umbilical cord for?

A

It connects the fetus to the palenta

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7
Q

What does the cross section of an umbilical cord look like?

A

It contains one vein (umbilical vein), and two arteries

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8
Q

anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral definitions

A

anterior- front
posterior- back
dorsal- on back
ventral- on stomach

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9
Q

Define, medial, lateral, proximal, distal

A

medial- middle
lateral- sides
proximal- close
distal- far

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10
Q

What do the hard and soft palates look like (and where are they)

A

The hard palette is in the front of the roof of the mouth, the soft palette is further back and both are bumpy

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11
Q

Esophagus vs. trachea

A

the esophagus was where food goes down and the trachea is where air goes down.
- The pharynx is the junction of both

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12
Q

pharynx vs. epiglottis

A

The pharynx is a cavity in the back of the mouth and the epiglottis is a cone shaped structure that covers it up.

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13
Q

Taste buds

A

Found on the sides and back of the mouth- called the SENSORY PAPILLAE

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14
Q

How many days are pigs in the womb and how long are they when they are born?

A

they are in the womb for 112-115 days and they are 30 cm long

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15
Q

How many toes do pigs have

A

4

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16
Q

how much are the fetus pig’s eye developed

A

They eye is almost fully developed with no pupil

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17
Q

Explain the location and purpose of the masseter muscle, lymph nodes, and salivary glands

ALSO: what is the scientific name for salivary glands?

A

masseter muscle- move jaw, near teeth
lymph nodes- between masseter muscle and salivary glands (partoids), they filter substances
salivary glands- along skin of cheek- look like chewing gum- produce saliva

salivary glands- partoids

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18
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle dividing thoracic & abdominal cavities
- HELPS WITH BREATHING

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19
Q

Liver

A

large muscle just under diaphragm
-PRODUCES BILE FOR DIGESTION

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20
Q

Gall Bladder

A

Small green circular organ located underneath the liver
- STORES BILE

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21
Q

Bile duct

A

transports bile to duodenum to help break down food

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22
Q

Esophagus

A

tube just over stomach
-TRANSPORTS FOOD INTO STOMACH

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23
Q

Stomach

A

pouch just under the liver
- CHURNS/BREAKS DOWN FOOD

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24
Q

what two valves lead into and out of the stomach

A

cardiac sphincter valve- leads from esophagus to stomach
pyloric sphincter valve- leads from stomach to doudenum

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25
Q

Duodenum

A

The first part of the small intestine, straight portion coming out of stomach
- USES BILE TO BREAK DOWN FOOD

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26
Q

Ileum

A

Second, curly part of the small intestine that breaks down large organic molecules to small organic molecules using mesentric arteries

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27
Q

What is messentery

A

It holds the ileum together

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28
Q

What is the Pancreas

A

It is a bumpy organ found just under the stomach
- IT CREATES INSULIN WHICH REGULATES BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS

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29
Q

Pancreatic duct

A

duct leading from the pancreas to the duodenum

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30
Q

Spleen

A

Flat organ on top of stomach
- STORES BLOOD

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31
Q

Cecum

A

‘dead end’ branch off of large intestine near the end of the ileum
- BREAKS DOWN PLANT MATERIAL

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32
Q

Rectum

A

moves from the large intestine to the anus
- STORES UNDIGESTED FOOD AS FECES

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33
Q

Large intestine

-what does it do to undigested food?

A

Made of rectum and cecum, located after the small intestine
- SUCKS WATER OUT OF UNDIGESTED FOOD

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34
Q

kidneys

A

bean shaped- lie on either side of the spine
- REMOVE HARMFUL SUBSTANCES FROM BLOOD

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35
Q

Umbilical vessels

A

Along either side of urinary bladder or umbilical vein

  • Same as umbilical artery?
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36
Q

Describe how food moves from your mouth to the duodenum

A

food goes through the pharynx, through the esophagus, through the cardiac sphincter valve into the stomach. The food is churned up then moves out of the pyloric sphincter valve to the duodenum

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37
Q

How does bile move from the liver to the duodenum

A

The liver produces bile, it is then stored in the gall bladder and then is transported into the duodenum through the bile duct

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38
Q

from the small intestine, how does undigested food travel to the anus

A

from the duodenum, food travels to the ileum and undigested food moves into either the cecum (to digest plant food) or out of the rectum to the anus. The large intestine sucks water out.

39
Q

ureters

A

tubes that carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

40
Q

Urethra

A

Where urine exits from the bladder out of the body

41
Q

Renal vessels

A

Vessels attached to the underside of the kidneys that pump blood into kidneys

42
Q

What are the male reproductive/ urinary organs

A

-scrotal sacs
-testis
-epididymis
-vas deferens
- urethra

43
Q

In a human vasectomy, which male reproductive organ is cut?

A

The vasdeferens

44
Q

scrotal sacs

A

present in males between legs, where testis and epididymis are found

45
Q

testis

A

found in the scrotal sacs, where sperm cells are produced

46
Q

epididymis

A

curled up tube found in scrotal sacs on testis, used to carry sperm cells

47
Q

vas deferens

A

found in males, tube connected to epididymis, tube that leads to penis

48
Q

What are the Female reproductive and urinary organs

A

-ovaries
-oviducts
-uterus
-vagina

49
Q

Ovaries

-what two things do they produce/ have they produced?

A

Two small bean shaped organs locate under kidneys in female pigs that produce eggs and hormones

50
Q

Oviducts

A

curly tube like organs connecting the ovaries in a female, meet at the uterus

51
Q

Uterus

A

where ovaries merge

52
Q

Vagina

A

The urethra in a female pigs, sprouts from uterus

53
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Cavity located above the abdominal cavity that includes the heart, lungs, etc.

54
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Cavity located under the thoracic cavity including the digestive system and spleen

55
Q

where are the Urinary and reproductive systems found?

A

found under abdominal cavity, different for females and males, includes urethra and bladder

56
Q

pericardium

A

thin membrane covering the heart, easily pulled off

57
Q

the left and right atria (1 atrium)

A

purplish grey organs on either side of the heart (it helps to pump blood to the ventricle)

58
Q

pulmonary trunk

A

tube shaped trunk coming out of the top of the top of the heart, intersects with the Aorta
- used for blood transportation

59
Q

Aorta and Dorsal Aorta

A

Vessel that supplies body with blood, dorsal aorta supplies lower body with blood and curves down to the abdominal cavity.

The upper aorta branches into right brachiocephalic and left subclavian

60
Q

Right Brachiocephalic

A

Branches off the Aorta, it helps to supply most of the upper body with blood and branches into common cartriod and right subclavian

61
Q

common cartroid and left/right cartroids

A

The common cartroid is a branch of the right brachiocephalic, it branches into the right and left cartoids that supply blood to head and neck.

62
Q

Left and right subclavian

A

Branching off of the right brachiocephalic and the Aorta, they run along the clavicle bone

  • supply blood to arms
63
Q

Coronary vessels

A

vessels located on the outside of the heart that supply blood to muscles of the heart

64
Q

intercostal arteries

A

arteries running along the ribs

65
Q

What is found underneath the heart

A
  • anterior/posterior vena cava
  • left and right jugular veins
66
Q

anterior/posterior vena cava

A

cycles blood from the body back to the heart, found on the underside of the heart

67
Q

left and right jugular veins

A

veins found on the bottom side of the heart running parallel to cartroids that drain blood from the head

68
Q

bronchial tubes

A

tubes coming off the top of each lung that connect into the trachea

  • where air passes through as you breath
69
Q

cartilaginous rings

A

rings around the trachea that look like ridges and protect the trachea as the animal inhales/exhales.

70
Q

thyroid gland

A

V-shaped gland on top of the trachea that secrets growth hormones

71
Q

larynx

A

also called the voice box- on top of the trachea
-controls animals ability to make sounds

72
Q

hepatic artery

A

artery leading to the liver

73
Q

splenic artery

A

artery leading to the spleen

74
Q

monotreme

A

mammals that lay eggs

75
Q

Marsupials

A

mammals with pouches

76
Q

Eutherian

A

mammals without pouches that don’t lay eggs

77
Q

renal arteries

A

arteries leading to the renal vessels under kidneys

78
Q

mesenteric arteries

A

arteries leading to mesentery in the small intestine

79
Q

umbilical arteries

A

split off of the very end of the dorsal aorta, lead to the umbilical cord

80
Q

ilio-lumbar artery

A

Artery branching off of the umbilical arteries that leads to the posterior end of the pig

81
Q

external iliac arteries

A

arteries stretching off of the end of the abdominal aorta just before it ends, they lead into each leg and turn into femoral arteries

82
Q

Femoral arteries

A

what the external iliac arteries become once they enter the legs
- deep femoral, shorter nearer to the posterior of the pig
- femoral, longer, stretches nearly all the way to the toes

83
Q

dura mater

A

outermost membrane around the brain, thickest, right beneath the skull

84
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

middle membrane around the brain, just under the dura mater and over the pia mater

85
Q

pia mater

A

membrane that is closest to the brain, thin, just underneath the arachnoid membrane

86
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of?

A

The spinal cord and brain

87
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

the cranial nerves and spinal nerves

88
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 nervous found underneath the brain near the middle, snout, and spinal cord

89
Q

spinal nerves

A

nerves mixing directly with the spinal cord, when the nerves expand and nearly pass out of the vertebrae, the nerves are called the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA

90
Q

Cerebrum

A

The very top (and largest part) of the brain, split into the right and left cerebral hemispheres

91
Q

cerebellum

A

just underneath the cerebrum

92
Q

medulla

A

underneath cerebellum

93
Q

olfactory lobes

A

the sense of smell in a pig, just in front of (anterior too) the cerebral hemispheres

94
Q

If you cut a kidney in half, what would be the three layers in the cross section

A

The cortex, the medulla, then the pelvis

KAMSC STUDY SEMESTER TWO (11 decks)

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