Pig Disection Flashcards
Fun Facts about mammals
originated 220 million years ago
many different species
what are the three main groups of mammals
Monotremes (egg-laying)
Marsupials (with a pouch)
Eutherian (normal)
urogenital opening
opening that determines sex of pig
- if near umbilical cord- MALE
- if near anus- FEMALE
same as urethra (?)
True of False: The urogenital papilla is present in both male and female pigs
FALSE- just females, will be near urogenital opening
True or False: both male and female pigs have rows of nipples and umbilical cord
TRUE!
When in the womb, what is the umbilical cord for?
It connects the fetus to the palenta
What does the cross section of an umbilical cord look like?
It contains one vein (umbilical vein), and two arteries
anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral definitions
anterior- front
posterior- back
dorsal- on back
ventral- on stomach
Define, medial, lateral, proximal, distal
medial- middle
lateral- sides
proximal- close
distal- far
What do the hard and soft palates look like (and where are they)
The hard palette is in the front of the roof of the mouth, the soft palette is further back and both are bumpy
Esophagus vs. trachea
the esophagus was where food goes down and the trachea is where air goes down.
- The pharynx is the junction of both
pharynx vs. epiglottis
The pharynx is a cavity in the back of the mouth and the epiglottis is a cone shaped structure that covers it up.
Taste buds
Found on the sides and back of the mouth- called the SENSORY PAPILLAE
How many days are pigs in the womb and how long are they when they are born?
they are in the womb for 112-115 days and they are 30 cm long
How many toes do pigs have
4
how much are the fetus pig’s eye developed
They eye is almost fully developed with no pupil
Explain the location and purpose of the masseter muscle, lymph nodes, and salivary glands
ALSO: what is the scientific name for salivary glands?
masseter muscle- move jaw, near teeth
lymph nodes- between masseter muscle and salivary glands (partoids), they filter substances
salivary glands- along skin of cheek- look like chewing gum- produce saliva
salivary glands- partoids
diaphragm
muscle dividing thoracic & abdominal cavities
- HELPS WITH BREATHING
Liver
large muscle just under diaphragm
-PRODUCES BILE FOR DIGESTION
Gall Bladder
Small green circular organ located underneath the liver
- STORES BILE
Bile duct
transports bile to duodenum to help break down food
Esophagus
tube just over stomach
-TRANSPORTS FOOD INTO STOMACH
Stomach
pouch just under the liver
- CHURNS/BREAKS DOWN FOOD
what two valves lead into and out of the stomach
cardiac sphincter valve- leads from esophagus to stomach
pyloric sphincter valve- leads from stomach to doudenum
Duodenum
The first part of the small intestine, straight portion coming out of stomach
- USES BILE TO BREAK DOWN FOOD
Ileum
Second, curly part of the small intestine that breaks down large organic molecules to small organic molecules using mesentric arteries
What is messentery
It holds the ileum together
What is the Pancreas
It is a bumpy organ found just under the stomach
- IT CREATES INSULIN WHICH REGULATES BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS
Pancreatic duct
duct leading from the pancreas to the duodenum
Spleen
Flat organ on top of stomach
- STORES BLOOD
Cecum
‘dead end’ branch off of large intestine near the end of the ileum
- BREAKS DOWN PLANT MATERIAL
Rectum
moves from the large intestine to the anus
- STORES UNDIGESTED FOOD AS FECES
Large intestine
-what does it do to undigested food?
Made of rectum and cecum, located after the small intestine
- SUCKS WATER OUT OF UNDIGESTED FOOD
kidneys
bean shaped- lie on either side of the spine
- REMOVE HARMFUL SUBSTANCES FROM BLOOD
Umbilical vessels
Along either side of urinary bladder or umbilical vein
- Same as umbilical artery?
Describe how food moves from your mouth to the duodenum
food goes through the pharynx, through the esophagus, through the cardiac sphincter valve into the stomach. The food is churned up then moves out of the pyloric sphincter valve to the duodenum
How does bile move from the liver to the duodenum
The liver produces bile, it is then stored in the gall bladder and then is transported into the duodenum through the bile duct
from the small intestine, how does undigested food travel to the anus
from the duodenum, food travels to the ileum and undigested food moves into either the cecum (to digest plant food) or out of the rectum to the anus. The large intestine sucks water out.
ureters
tubes that carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Urethra
Where urine exits from the bladder out of the body
Renal vessels
Vessels attached to the underside of the kidneys that pump blood into kidneys
What are the male reproductive/ urinary organs
-scrotal sacs
-testis
-epididymis
-vas deferens
- urethra
In a human vasectomy, which male reproductive organ is cut?
The vasdeferens
scrotal sacs
present in males between legs, where testis and epididymis are found
testis
found in the scrotal sacs, where sperm cells are produced
epididymis
curled up tube found in scrotal sacs on testis, used to carry sperm cells
vas deferens
found in males, tube connected to epididymis, tube that leads to penis
What are the Female reproductive and urinary organs
-ovaries
-oviducts
-uterus
-vagina
Ovaries
-what two things do they produce/ have they produced?
Two small bean shaped organs locate under kidneys in female pigs that produce eggs and hormones
Oviducts
curly tube like organs connecting the ovaries in a female, meet at the uterus
Uterus
where ovaries merge
Vagina
The urethra in a female pigs, sprouts from uterus
Thoracic Cavity
Cavity located above the abdominal cavity that includes the heart, lungs, etc.
Abdominal cavity
Cavity located under the thoracic cavity including the digestive system and spleen
where are the Urinary and reproductive systems found?
found under abdominal cavity, different for females and males, includes urethra and bladder
pericardium
thin membrane covering the heart, easily pulled off
the left and right atria (1 atrium)
purplish grey organs on either side of the heart (it helps to pump blood to the ventricle)
pulmonary trunk
tube shaped trunk coming out of the top of the top of the heart, intersects with the Aorta
- used for blood transportation
Aorta and Dorsal Aorta
Vessel that supplies body with blood, dorsal aorta supplies lower body with blood and curves down to the abdominal cavity.
The upper aorta branches into right brachiocephalic and left subclavian
Right Brachiocephalic
Branches off the Aorta, it helps to supply most of the upper body with blood and branches into common cartriod and right subclavian
common cartroid and left/right cartroids
The common cartroid is a branch of the right brachiocephalic, it branches into the right and left cartoids that supply blood to head and neck.
Left and right subclavian
Branching off of the right brachiocephalic and the Aorta, they run along the clavicle bone
- supply blood to arms
Coronary vessels
vessels located on the outside of the heart that supply blood to muscles of the heart
intercostal arteries
arteries running along the ribs
What is found underneath the heart
- anterior/posterior vena cava
- left and right jugular veins
anterior/posterior vena cava
cycles blood from the body back to the heart, found on the underside of the heart
left and right jugular veins
veins found on the bottom side of the heart running parallel to cartroids that drain blood from the head
bronchial tubes
tubes coming off the top of each lung that connect into the trachea
- where air passes through as you breath
cartilaginous rings
rings around the trachea that look like ridges and protect the trachea as the animal inhales/exhales.
thyroid gland
V-shaped gland on top of the trachea that secrets growth hormones
larynx
also called the voice box- on top of the trachea
-controls animals ability to make sounds
hepatic artery
artery leading to the liver
splenic artery
artery leading to the spleen
monotreme
mammals that lay eggs
Marsupials
mammals with pouches
Eutherian
mammals without pouches that don’t lay eggs
renal arteries
arteries leading to the renal vessels under kidneys
mesenteric arteries
arteries leading to mesentery in the small intestine
umbilical arteries
split off of the very end of the dorsal aorta, lead to the umbilical cord
ilio-lumbar artery
Artery branching off of the umbilical arteries that leads to the posterior end of the pig
external iliac arteries
arteries stretching off of the end of the abdominal aorta just before it ends, they lead into each leg and turn into femoral arteries
Femoral arteries
what the external iliac arteries become once they enter the legs
- deep femoral, shorter nearer to the posterior of the pig
- femoral, longer, stretches nearly all the way to the toes
dura mater
outermost membrane around the brain, thickest, right beneath the skull
arachnoid membrane
middle membrane around the brain, just under the dura mater and over the pia mater
pia mater
membrane that is closest to the brain, thin, just underneath the arachnoid membrane
What is the central nervous system made up of?
The spinal cord and brain
What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?
the cranial nerves and spinal nerves
cranial nerves
12 nervous found underneath the brain near the middle, snout, and spinal cord
spinal nerves
nerves mixing directly with the spinal cord, when the nerves expand and nearly pass out of the vertebrae, the nerves are called the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA
Cerebrum
The very top (and largest part) of the brain, split into the right and left cerebral hemispheres
cerebellum
just underneath the cerebrum
medulla
underneath cerebellum
olfactory lobes
the sense of smell in a pig, just in front of (anterior too) the cerebral hemispheres
If you cut a kidney in half, what would be the three layers in the cross section
The cortex, the medulla, then the pelvis
