Bio 15

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

The cnage in a population over time

Question 2

theory

Answer 2

well supported testable explanation for a natural occurance

Question 3

evolutionary theory

Answer 3

Facts, observations, and theories about how different organisms and species evolved.

Question 4

fossil

Answer 4

bones/ parts of a body that have been preserved over time

Question 5

Charles Darwin

Answer 5

English scientist with a degree in theology who traveled the world on the beagle and collected evidence to support his evolutionary theory

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

process by which organisms well suited (or fit) to an environment survive longer and reproduce more than those who aren’t

Question 7

How did Darwin collect evidence on his voyage

Answer 7

He collected different specimen and ate many of them, he also collected fossils

Question 8

What did Darwin notice on the Galapagos islands

Answer 8

He noticed that they each had different climates and very slightly different species–
-different finch beaks, different tortoise shells

Question 9

Does life change over time?

Answer 9

YES!
life often adapts to its enviornment

Question 10

Descent with modification

Answer 10

Darwin theorized that all species descended with modification from one ancestor- THIS WAS THE PRINCIPLE OF COMMON DECSENT

Question 11

Which two people influenced how darwin thought the earth had geographically changed? HOW?

Answer 11

James Hutton- layers of rocks are pushed up and around very slowly, earth must be old
Charles Lyell- processes that shaped earth millions of years ago still shape it today.

Question 12

Who was Lamarck

Answer 12

He was the first scientist to suggest life changes over time, he was wrong in some places but still had a revolutionary idea

Question 13

What were Lamarck’s evolutionary hypothesis

Answer 13

1. organisms acquire traits helping them towards perfection
2. Organisms only keep traits they use
3. Acquired traits are inherited

Question 14

What was wrong about Lamarcks Evolutionary hypothesis

Answer 14

Organisms don’t “acquire traits”, mutations cause changes in genetic makeup and changes in traits

Question 15

How did Thomas Malthus’s work on population growth impact Darwin and his views of the world

Answer 15

Thomas Malthus stated that the human population was out growing earths resources:
- Darwin realized that most populations must compete for food in a “survival of the fittest” sort of way.

Question 16

Adaptation And Fitness

Answer 16

Adaptation- inherited gene that becomes more common because the trait increases an organism’s fitness
Fitness- ability to SURVIVE and REPRODUCE

Question 17

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 17

Darwins “pen-pal” who had similar hypothesis about evolution and helped darwin to want to publish his book, “On the Origin of Species”

Question 18

Artificial selection

Answer 18

When humans select certain traits they find useful as breeders/ farmers/ etc.

Question 19

Natural variation and Inherited variation

Answer 19

The genes of every organism in a population have a bit of variation and that allows for artificial and natural selection to occur.

Question 20

struggle for existence

Answer 20

Every single organism struggles for existence and the best fit to compete for resources survives and reproduces
THIS IS ALSO NATURAL SELECTION

Question 21

What does differential reproductive success mean?

Answer 21

every organism has a different chance of being successful in terms of SURVIVING and REPRODUCING, this is a measure of FITNESS

Question 22

(T or F) Most of the species on earth have come and gone without a trace

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

What are some of the key pieces of evidence for evolution?

Answer 23

• The fossil record
• Geographic distribution of living species
• similarities in fetal development
• similarity in genetic material

Question 24

How does the fossil record help darwin prove evolution

Answer 24

The fossils provide evidence of past life that was on earth and links to current species

Question 25

How does the geographic distribution help darwin prove evolution

Answer 25

• different species in SIMILAR geographic locations with similar features both developed those adaptations
• SAME species in DIFFERENT geographic locations with different features seperated and developed different adaptations.

Question 26

How does early fetal developement help darwin prove evolution

Answer 26

• many animals have similar fetuses and share vestigial and homologous structures

Question 27

vestigal vs. homologous structure

Answer 27

vestigial structures are often very similar in different organisms, they often preform no specific function like a hind limb in whales that has no use. Homologous structures have common ancestory and develop differently so that the organism can better use it.

Question 28

How did DNA help scientists prove evolution

Answer 28

by looking at DNA of different species scientists can notice similarities and differences and can see which ones MOST RECENTLY SHARED A COMMON ANCESTOR

Question 29

What are three Evolutionary examples

Answer 29

• Bacteria of tuberculosis developed immunity to antibiotics due to a mutation
• Finches beaks get long and large beaks during dry season, they have small beaks during wetter years
• Moths with darker colors were more common during the industrial revolution because they couldn’t be seen as well

Question 30

gradualism vs. Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 30

Gradualism- Darwin believed most species evolved slowly and gradually
Punctuated Equilibrium- MOST COMMONLY species develop over sudden changes and periods of time without change.