Pig and Camelid Abdomen Flashcards
What unique feature does the pig stomach have?
Diverticulum ventriculi (gastric diverticulum) in fundic region
separated from rest of stomach by a spiral groove
Diverticulum ventriculi (gastric diverticulum)
Describe the pig stomach interior
non-glandular part close to esophageal opening
rest is glandular
What is unique about pyloric sphincter in pigs
It is incomplete
Has a well developed torus pyloricus
What is unique about the pig liver
NO contact with right kidney
so no renal impression
no papillary process
Quadrate lobe does not reach ventral border
1) left lateral lobe
2) quadrate hepatic lobe
3) left medial lobe
4) falciform lig and round lig
5) gall bladder
6) right medial lobe
7) right lateral lobe
8) cystic duct
9) bile duct
10) portal vein
11) hepatic artery and portal lymph nodes
12) caudate process
13) caudal vena cava (runs in caudate process)
Where does caudal vena cava run in the pig
in caudate process of liver
What does the pig liver look like? Clin sig
Distinct leathery appearance
Has well-developed fibrous tissue that makes aspiration impossible
- Left lateral lobe
- Left medial lobe
- Quadrate lobe
- Right medial lobe
- Right lateral lobe
- Caudate proc. of the caudate lobe
- Porta hepatis
- Gall bladder
True or false: Pigs have a sigmoid loop in cranial duodenum
True
What opens into the major duodenal papilla in pigs? the minor?
major: bile duct
minor: accessory pancreatic duct
Where in the pig’s body is the jejunum
mostly Right of the midline, (displaced to the
right by the coils of the ascending colon).
Discuss ileum opening into the large intestine in pigs
Opens by a prominent ileal papilla at the ileoceco-colic junction
Also frenulum (fold of mucosa) extend on either side of the ileal papilla for support
Where is the cecum located in pigs
mid -left flank
apex points caudoventrally on the left side.
How many taeniae are in pig cecum
3 longitudinal (right left and ventral)
forms three rows of sacculations (haustra)
Describe where the colon lives in the pig abdomen
ileoceco-colic junction lies ventral to left kidney
colon lies in the left, caudal to stomach
Describe the pig ascending colon
cone shaped (apex is ventral)
Ansa spiralis: cone shaped reaches to floor of abdomen dorsal to the umbilicus
- 3 centripetal sacculated (2 teniae) > central flexture >
3 centrifugal gyri (inside, narrower, smooth) no teniae
No proximal loop - No distal loops - No sigmoid colon
Describe location of the pig kidneys in the abdomen
right and left are symmetrically placed
right does not contact liver
Describe pig kidney external appearance
flattened, smooth (fused cortex)
Describe internal pig kidney
Similar to human kidneys
Medulla is not fused (Multipyramidal)
Individual renal papillae
Calyx for each papilla
Has a Renal pelvis
Pig kidney
1) lobe
2) interlobar artery
3) pelvis
4) calix
5) ureter
6) papilla
1, Cortex;
2, medulla;
3, papilla;
4, pelvis;
5, ureter;
6, renal artery;
7, renal vein.
1- Ascending colon, centripetal gyri
2 Central flexure
3 cecum
4 jejunum
5 ileum
6 liver
7 gall bladder
8 stomach
9 spleen
10 greater omentum
1 , Liver, right lateral lobe
2, liver, right medial lobe
3, abdominal muscles (cut)
4, ascending colon (gyri centrifugales)
5, ascending colon (gyri centripetales)
6, jejunal loops
7, right kidney
note: the jejunal coils on the right side of the midline.
1, Liver, left lateral lobe
2, stomach
3, spleen
4, ascending colon (gyri centrifugales)
5, ascending colon (gyri centripetales)
6, jejunal loops
7, left kidney
8, cecum
Describe the camelid stomach (chambers and interior)
Three-chambered stomach (C1, C2 and C3).
All have glandular saccules.
Where does the esophagus open into in camelids
The esophagus opens into caudo-dorsal sac of the rumen
Describe the camelid greater omentum compared to ruminant
less fat, smaller than ruminant and no omental sling.
Describe C1 external structure of the camelid
Rumen
Divided by a groove into 2 sacs:
Cranioventral sac (small and has glandular sacs inside)
Large caudodorsal sac. (ballon-like) presents:
* Right & left ruminal grooves for ruminal vessels, nerves & Lnn.
* Its dorsal surface has no peritoneum (attached to diaphragm &
sublumbar M.)
Where is the spleen attached in camelids
The spleen is attached to the large caudodorsal sac on the caduodorsal surface.
1) spleen
2) cd dorsal rumen sac
3) C1
4) saccular region
5) abomasum
6) cranial ventral rumen sac
7) C1
8) saccular region
9) reticulum, C2
10,11) C3, omasum
Describe the interior of C1
Non keratinized and non papillated
The mucus membrane has 2 types:
a. Wrinkled mucous membrane with
Corrugated folds.
Glandular sacculated ruminal chambers
(SRC) water sac
list the three groups of water sacs
Group in the cranioventral sac
Two groups in the caudodorsal sac
(separated by longitudinal muscular band)
( Each group consists of musculomembranous
ridges connected by muscular folds enclosing
square spaces (2-3 cm) in depth.)
Describe the shape and location of C2
Reticulum
bean shape
right to to the median plane (between 7th -10th rib)
Does not reach to abdominal floor
Separated from the diaphragm by the omasum
Describe the interior of C2
It is a pseudo-reticulum (no honey comb reticular cells)
has reticular cells (12 circular parallel musculo-membranous ridges, which subdivided by 2ry and 3ry folds into smaller squares (like bird nests) giving the spongy consistency of the reticular wall.
Which camelid chamber of the stomach is this
C2, reticulum
Which camelid chamber of the stomach is this
C1, rumen
Describe the shape and location of C3
omasoabomasal complex
long sausage shape
In the right side of intrathoracic part of
abd. Cavity. (7-10th rib)
Ventral to the cardia
Lies dorsal to the cranial sac of C1
Describe the interior of C3
omasal part: 40-50 omasal lamellae of equal height (longitudinal mucosal folds)
omaso-abomasal junction seen on interior (no demarcation externally)
Abomasal fundic region: (has 18-20 thick mucosal parallel folds) form 2/3 of abomasum.
Abomasal pyloric region: smooth, It forms the distal 1/3. has well developed torus pyloricus which extends like a long pencil in the abomasal mucosa.
Describe the shape and location of the camelid spleen
Crescent-shaped (convex cranially and concave caudally where it embraces the left
kidney).
Caudodorsal to rumen
Lies in the left flank.
Attached to stomach by gastrosplenic lig.
Describe the camelid liver and lobes
No gall bladder
Right lobe
Left lobe (divided)
Caudate (caudate and papillary processes)
Quadrate (quadrate process)
Where is the camelid liver located and describe its appearance
The liver covers C2 and most of C3
Abundant connective tissue, external surface appears cut by a knife
Describe camelid cranial duodenum
Has ampulla duodeni and sigmoid loop
Describe camelid cecum appearance and location
It Looks like that of ruminants
Smooth, no tenia & conical in shape apex directed toward the pelvic inlet.
It continues as the colon and the line of demarcation is the ileocecal ligament.
Has Ileocecocolic opening
Describe camelid colon
Resembles that of ruminant with terms of arrangement only.
It has large diameter, which is interrupted by some constrictions of variable lengths and diameter.
The colic disc (spiral colon) is more massive where centripetal gyri are superficial while centrifugal gyri are deeper in position.
Ascending, spiral loop, descending (with sigmoid colon)
How many centripetal gyri are there in cows vs sheep vs goats vs camelids
2 in ox, 3 sheep 4 in goat 5.5 in camel and equal # of centrifugal gyri.
Describe camelid external kidney
Not lobated
Look like dog and small ruminant kidneys Smooth exterior
Describe camelid internal kidney
Unipyramidal
Well developed renal crest
thick medulla (lots of filtration to save urine)
Pelvic recesses
true/false: camelid kidneys are symmetrical in location in the body
false, left is more caudal
