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Eating and Eliminating > Pig and Camelid Abdomen > Flashcards

Pig and Camelid Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What unique feature does the pig stomach have?

A

Diverticulum ventriculi (gastric diverticulum) in fundic region

separated from rest of stomach by a spiral groove

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2
Q
A

Diverticulum ventriculi (gastric diverticulum)

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3
Q

Describe the pig stomach interior

A

non-glandular part close to esophageal opening

rest is glandular

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4
Q

What is unique about pyloric sphincter in pigs

A

It is incomplete
Has a well developed torus pyloricus

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5
Q

What is unique about the pig liver

A

NO contact with right kidney
so no renal impression
no papillary process
Quadrate lobe does not reach ventral border

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6
Q
A

1) left lateral lobe
2) quadrate hepatic lobe
3) left medial lobe
4) falciform lig and round lig
5) gall bladder
6) right medial lobe
7) right lateral lobe
8) cystic duct
9) bile duct
10) portal vein
11) hepatic artery and portal lymph nodes
12) caudate process
13) caudal vena cava (runs in caudate process)

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7
Q

Where does caudal vena cava run in the pig

A

in caudate process of liver

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8
Q

What does the pig liver look like? Clin sig

A

Distinct leathery appearance
Has well-developed fibrous tissue that makes aspiration impossible

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9
Q
A
  1. Left lateral lobe
  2. Left medial lobe
  3. Quadrate lobe
  4. Right medial lobe
  5. Right lateral lobe
  6. Caudate proc. of the caudate lobe
  7. Porta hepatis
  8. Gall bladder
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10
Q

True or false: Pigs have a sigmoid loop in cranial duodenum

A

True

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11
Q

What opens into the major duodenal papilla in pigs? the minor?

A

major: bile duct
minor: accessory pancreatic duct

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12
Q

Where in the pig’s body is the jejunum

A

mostly Right of the midline, (displaced to the
right by the coils of the ascending colon).

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13
Q

Discuss ileum opening into the large intestine

A

Opens by a prominent ileal papilla at the ileoceco-colic junction

Also frenulum (fold of mucosa) extend on either side of the ileal papilla for support

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14
Q

Where is the cecum located in pigs

A

mid -left flank
apex points caudoventrally on the left side.

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15
Q

How many taeniae are in pig cecum

A

3 longitudinal (right left and central)
forms three rows of sacculations (haustra)

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16
Q

Describe where the colon lives in the pig abdomen

A

ileoceco-colic junction lies ventral to left kidney
colon lies in the left, caudal to stomach

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17
Q

Describe the pig ascending colon

A

cone shaped (apex is ventral)
Ansa spiralis: cone shaped reaches to floor of abdomen dorsal to the umbilicus

  • 3 centripetal sacculated (2 teniae) > central flexture >
    3 centrifugal gyri (inside, narrower, smooth) no teniae

No proximal loop - No distal loops - No sigmoid colon

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18
Q

Describe location of the pig kidneys in the abdomen

A

right and left are symmetrically placed
right does not contact liver

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19
Q

Describe pig kidney external appearance

A

flattened, smooth (fused cortex)

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20
Q

Describe internal pig kidney

A

Similar to human kidneys
Medulla is not fused (Multipyramidal)
Individual renal papillae
Calyx for each papilla
Has a Renal pelvis

21
Q

Pig kidney

A

1) lobe
2) interlobar artery
3) pelvis
4) calix
5) ureter
6) papilla

22
Q
A

1, Cortex;
2, medulla;
3, papilla;
4, pelvis;
5, ureter;
6, renal artery;
7, renal vein.

23
Q
A

1- Ascending colon, centripetal gyri
2 Central flexure
3 cecum
4 jejunum
5 ileum
6 liver
7 gall bladder
8 stomach
9 spleen
10 greater omentum

24
Q
A

1 , Liver, right lateral lobe
2, liver, right medial lobe
3, abdominal muscles (cut)
4, ascending colon (gyri centrifugales)
5, ascending colon (gyri centripetales)
6, jejunal loops
7, right kidney

note: the jejunal coils on the right side of the midline.

25
Q
A

1, Liver, left lateral lobe
2, stomach
3, spleen
4, ascending colon (gyri centrifugales)
5, ascending colon (gyri centripetales)
6, jejunal loops
7, left kidney
8, cecum

26
Q

Describe the camelid stomach (chambers and interior)

A

Three-chambered stomach (C1, C2 and C3).
All have glandular saccules.

27
Q

Describe the camelid greater omentum compared to ruminant

A

less fat, smaller than ruminant and no omental sling.

28
Q

Describe C1 external structure of the camelid

A

Rumen

Divided by a groove into 2 sacs:
Cranioventral sac (small and has glandular sacs inside)
Large caudodorsal sac. (ballon-like) presents:
* Right & left ruminal grooves for ruminal vessels, nerves & Lnn.
* Its dorsal surface has no peritoneum (attached to diaphragm &
sublumbar M.)

29
Q

Where is the spleen attached in camelids

A

The spleen is attached to the large caudodorsal sac on the caduodorsal surface.

30
Q
A

1) spleen
2) cd dorsal rumen sac
3) C1
4) saccular region
5) abomasum
6) cranial ventral rumen sac
7) C1
8) saccular region
9) reticulum, C2
10,11) C3, omasum

31
Q

Describe the interior of C1

A

Non keratinized and non papillated

The mucus membrane has 2 types:
a. Wrinkled mucous membrane with
Corrugated folds.
Glandular sacculated ruminal chambers
(SRC) water sac

32
Q

list the three groups of water sacs

A

Group in the cranioventral sac

Two groups in the caudodorsal sac
(separated by longitudinal muscular band)

( Each group consists of musculomembranous
ridges connected by muscular folds enclosing
square spaces (2-3 cm) in depth.)

33
Q

Describe the shape and location of C2

A

Reticulum

bean shape
right to to the median plane (between 7th -10th rib)
Does not reach to abdominal floor
Separated from the diaphragm by the omasum

34
Q

Describe the interior of C2

A

It is a pseudo-reticulum (no honey comb reticular cells)

has reticular cells (12 circular parallel musculo-membranous ridges, which subdivided by 2ry and 3ry folds into smaller squares (like bird nests) giving the spongy consistency of the reticular wall.

35
Q

Which camelid chamber of the stomach is this

A

C2, reticulum

36
Q

Which camelid chamber of the stomach is this

A

C1, rumen

37
Q

Describe the shape and location of C3

A

omasoabomasal complex
long sausage shape
In the right side of intrathoracic part of
abd. Cavity. (7-10th rib)
Ventral to the cardia
Lies dorsal to the cranial sac of C1

38
Q

Describe the interior of C3

A

omasal part: 40-50 omasal lamellae of equal height (longitudinal mucosal folds)

omaso-abomasal junction seen on interior (no demarcation externally)

Abomasal fundic region: (has 18-20 thick mucosal parallel folds) form 2/3 of abomasum.

Abomasal pyloric region: smooth, It forms the distal 1/3. has well developed torus pyloricus which extends like a long pencil in the abomasal mucosa.

39
Q

Describe the shape and location of the camelid spleen

A

Crescent-shaped (convex cranially and concave caudally where it embraces the left
kidney).
Caudodorsal to rumen
Lies in the left flank.
Attached to stomach by gastrosplenic lig.

40
Q

Describe the camelid liver and lobes

A

No gall bladder
Right lobe
Left lobe (divided)
Caudate (caudate and papillary processes)
Quadrate (quadrate process)

41
Q

Where is the camelid liver located and describe its appearance

A

The liver covers C2 and most of C3
Abundant connective tissue, external surface appears cut by a knife

42
Q

Describe camelid cranial duodenum

A

Has ampulla duodeni and sigmoid loop

43
Q

Describe camelid cecum appearance and location

A

It Looks like that of ruminants

Smooth, no tenia & conical in shape apex directed toward the pelvic inlet.

It continues as the colon and the line of demarcation is the ileocecal ligament.
Has Ileocecocolic opening

44
Q

Describe camelid colon

A

Resembles that of ruminant with terms of arrangement only.

It has large diameter, which is interrupted by some constrictions of variable lengths and diameter.

The colic disc (spiral colon) is more massive where centripetal gyri are superficial while centrifugal gyri are deeper in position.

Ascending, spiral loop, descending (with sigmoid colon)

45
Q

How many centripetal gyri are there in cows vs sheep vs goats vs camelids

A

2 in ox, 3 sheep 4 in goat 5.5 in camel and equal # of centrifugal gyri.

46
Q

Describe camelid external kidney

A

Not lobated
Look like dog and small ruminant kidneys Smooth exterior

47
Q

Describe camelid internal kidney

A

Unipyramidal
Well developed renal crest
thick medulla (lots of filtration to save urine)
Pelvic recesses

48
Q

true/false: camelid kidneys are symmetrical in location in the body

A

false, left is more caudal

Eating and Eliminating (9 decks)

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