Head 1 (skull, oral cavity, and salivary gland) Flashcards
Name the bones that bound the oral cavity
Dorsally: Incisive, Maxillary, Palatine
Ventrally: Mandible
List the species that have a complete vs incomplete osseous orbital rim
Complete: ruminants, horses, humans
incomplete: carnivores, pig
Name the structure present in species with an incomplete orbital rim
Orbital ligament
What skull bone is unique to pigs?
Rostral bone
What is unique about ruminant maxilla
no incisors
Why are horses predisposed to basal skull fractures?
large foramen lacerum on either
side of the basi-occipital & sphenoid bones, along with the weak spheno- occipital suture
Where does longus capitis m insert?
on the muscular/basilar tubercles located between the basi-sphenoid & basi-occipital bones.
What are the potential clinical outcomes to a basal skull fracture?
Dorsally: Cavernous venous sinus bleeding →Death
Ventrally: Guttural pouches infection which can spread to atlanto-occipital jt.
List the joints of the skull
Mandibular symphysis
Tympanohyoid articulation
Thyrohyoid articulation
Temporomandibular jt
sutures of skull
atlanto-occipital articulation
1) Palatine process of the Maxilla
2) Palatine process of the incisive
3) Palatine bone
1) Foramen lacerum
2) spheno-occipital suture
Name and give clin sig
muscular/basilar tubercles
where longus capitis m inserts
What is unique and clin sig of TMJ
Synovial joint, has fibrocartilaginous disc
Open mouth Lock-jaw (TMJ dysplasia)
Name ligament associated with TMj
Lateral ligament
List the hyoid bones
Stylohyoid
Epihyoid
Ceratohyoid
Basihyoid
Thyrohyoid
Species difference of hyoid articulation and structure
Carnivores: tympanohyoid articulates with the mastoid process
Large animals: Tympanohyoid articulates with styloid process
La’s also have lingual process (esp large in horses which is palpable in intermandibular space)
Stylohyoid is long/wide, basihyoid is vestigial in horses
Hyoid bone clin sig
Can be fractured (lingual process) if tongue grabbed too forcefully in dental/oral exam
Name the boundaries of the oral cavity
Lips, cheeks, Hard palate, tongue & mucous membrane and aditus pharyngis caudally.
List the components of the labial vestibule
Oral fissure: space between the lips
Angle of the mouth (labial commissure): junction between upper (superior) & lower (inferior) lips.
What is the aditus pharyngis and what is it bounded by?
Aka isthmus faucium
Caudal boundary or oral cavity where the pral cavity communicates the with oro-pharynx @ the root of the tongue
It is bounded by soft palate, root of tongue
& palato-glossal fold
List the two components of the oral cavity
Oral vestibule (outside dental arcade)
Oral cavity proper (inside dental aracade)
List the two components of the oral vestibule
Labial vestibule (between incisors and lips)
Buccal vestibule (between cheek teeth and cheeks
Name the green and blue regions
Green = buccal vestibule
Blue = oral cavity proper
Name this region
Labial vestibule
Name this region
Buccal vestibule
Which two salivary ducts open into the oral vestibule
Parotid duct and zygomatic duct
Where does zygomatic and parotid duct open?
On the parotid papilla
and the zygomatic papilla (caudal to parotid papilla)
Name this structure and associated duct
Parotid papilla and opening of parotid salivary duct
Clin sig of oral vestibule
Labial vestibule: MM color, CRT, and hydration status used to eval cardiovascular status
Buccal vestibule: excellent space to put liquid oral medications
1) Apex
2) Body
3) Root
4) Median sulcus
5) Frenulum
6) Filiform papillae
7) AV anastamose here (Panting)
8) Deep artery of tongue (can feel pulse here)
What is this and clin sig
Sublingual vein
IF ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY
during anesthesia, this vein can
be used as a site for venipuncture.
However, the loose connective
tissue surrounding the vein
promotes formation of large
hematomas. So it is not advisable.
Also can feel pulse here
1) Palatine tonsil
2) Vallate papilla
3) fungiform papillae
4) Filiform papillae
5) conical papillae
6) Site of foliate papillae (not visible)
Which papillae are in the apex and body of the tongue
Fungiform and filiform
Which papillae are in the root of the tongue?
Conical and foliate (just rostral to palatoglossal arch)
Which papillae are at the body/root junction
Vallate
Which papillae are mechanical? (ie grooming and moving food caudally)
Filiform, conical