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Eating and Eliminating > Head 1 (skull, oral cavity, and salivary gland) > Flashcards

Head 1 (skull, oral cavity, and salivary gland) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones that bound the oral cavity

A

Dorsally: Incisive, Maxillary, Palatine
Ventrally: Mandible

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2
Q

List the species that have a complete vs incomplete osseous orbital rim

A

Complete: ruminants, horses, humans
incomplete: carnivores, pig

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3
Q

Name the structure present in species with an incomplete orbital rim

A

Orbital ligament

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4
Q

What skull bone is unique to pigs?

A

Rostral bone

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5
Q

What is unique about ruminant maxilla

A

no incisors

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6
Q

Why are horses predisposed to basal skull fractures?

A

large foramen lacerum on either
side of the basi-occipital & sphenoid bones, along with the weak spheno- occipital suture

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7
Q

Where does longus capitis m insert?

A

on the muscular/basilar tubercles located between the basi-sphenoid & basi-occipital bones.

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8
Q

What are the potential clinical outcomes to a basal skull fracture?

A

Dorsally: Cavernous venous sinus bleeding →Death

Ventrally: Guttural pouches infection which can spread to atlanto-occipital jt.

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9
Q

List the joints of the skull

A

Mandibular symphysis
Tympanohyoid articulation
Thyrohyoid articulation
Temporomandibular jt
sutures of skull
atlanto-occipital articulation

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10
Q
A

1) Palatine process of the Maxilla
2) Palatine process of the incisive
3) Palatine bone

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11
Q
A

1) Foramen lacerum
2) spheno-occipital suture

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12
Q

Name and give clin sig

A

muscular/basilar tubercles
where longus capitis m inserts

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13
Q

What is unique and clin sig of TMJ

A

Synovial joint, has fibrocartilaginous disc
Open mouth Lock-jaw (TMJ dysplasia)

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14
Q

Name ligament associated with TMj

A

Lateral ligament

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15
Q

List the hyoid bones

A

Stylohyoid
Epihyoid
Ceratohyoid
Basihyoid
Thyrohyoid

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16
Q

Species difference of hyoid articulation and structure

A

Carnivores: tympanohyoid articulates with the mastoid process

Large animals: Tympanohyoid articulates with styloid process

La’s also have lingual process (esp large in horses which is palpable in intermandibular space)
Stylohyoid is long/wide, basihyoid is vestigial in horses

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17
Q

Hyoid bone clin sig

A

Can be fractured (lingual process) if tongue grabbed too forcefully in dental/oral exam

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18
Q

Name the boundaries of the oral cavity

A

Lips, cheeks, Hard palate, tongue & mucous membrane and aditus pharyngis caudally.

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19
Q

List the components of the labial vestibule

A

Oral fissure: space between the lips

Angle of the mouth (labial commissure): junction between upper (superior) & lower (inferior) lips.

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20
Q

What is the aditus pharyngis and what is it bounded by?

A

Aka isthmus faucium

Caudal boundary or oral cavity where the pral cavity communicates the with oro-pharynx @ the root of the tongue

It is bounded by soft palate, root of tongue
& palato-glossal fold

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21
Q

List the two components of the oral cavity

A

Oral vestibule (outside dental arcade)

Oral cavity proper (inside dental aracade)

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22
Q

List the two components of the oral vestibule

A

Labial vestibule (between incisors and lips)

Buccal vestibule (between cheek teeth and cheeks

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23
Q

Name the green and blue regions

A

Green = buccal vestibule

Blue = oral cavity proper

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24
Q

Name this region

A

Labial vestibule

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25
Name this region
Buccal vestibule
26
Which two salivary ducts open into the oral vestibule
Parotid duct and zygomatic duct
27
Where does zygomatic and parotid duct open?
On the parotid papilla and the zygomatic papilla (caudal to parotid papilla)
28
Name this structure and associated duct
Parotid papilla and opening of parotid salivary duct
29
Clin sig of oral vestibule
Labial vestibule: MM color, CRT, and hydration status used to eval cardiovascular status Buccal vestibule: excellent space to put liquid oral medications
30
1) Apex 2) Body 3) Root 4) Median sulcus 5) Frenulum 6) Filiform papillae 7) AV anastamose here (Panting) 8) Deep artery of tongue (can feel pulse here)
31
What is this and clin sig
Sublingual vein IF ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY during anesthesia, this vein can be used as a site for venipuncture. However, the loose connective tissue surrounding the vein promotes formation of large hematomas. So it is not advisable. Also can feel pulse here
32
1) Palatine tonsil 2) Vallate papilla 3) fungiform papillae 4) Filiform papillae 5) conical papillae 6) Site of foliate papillae (not visible)
33
Which papillae are in the apex and body of the tongue
Fungiform and filiform
34
Which papillae are in the root of the tongue?
Conical and foliate (just rostral to palatoglossal arch)
35
Which papillae are at the body/root junction
Vallate
36
Which papillae are mechanical? (ie grooming and moving food caudally)
Filiform, conical
37
Which papillae are gustatory (taste)?
Fungifrom vallate (number is species dependent) Foliate
38
Clin sig of gustatory papillae
Can lead to hyponatremia (have salt receptors) or ingestion of toxic substances (have bitter receptors) if not functioning properly
39
1) Fungiform papillae 2) Circumvallate papillae 3) conical papillae
40
Which papillae is only found in puppies and what are they used for?
Marginal papillae tongue of puppies is fringed with lacelike (marginal) papillae that persist for the first two weeks (assist in suckling from the teat)
41
marginal papille found in puppy's until two weeks of age
42
What part of the tongue can be colored and why
Apex and body can be colored because ectodermal origin vs root is endodermal
43
What is a unique tongue feature to dogs and camels. Describe it.
Lyssa Lyssa short median rod (connective, muscular and cartilaginous tissue) note: less developed but present in cats too
44
Name this structure
Lyssa
45
Name unique tongue features in ruminants and camels
Torus linguae and fossa linguae
46
Name these two structures
Torus linguae (hill) and fossa linguae (depression)
47
Clin sig of Torus linguae and fossa linguae
Fossa linguae - is a site of lodge and penetration of foreign objects Torus lingua - is impediment for endotracheal tube placement
48
48
1) Fungiform papillae 2) vallate papillae 3) foliate papillae 4) Filiform papillae
49
Motor tongue innervation
Hypoglossal
50
Rostral 2/3 sensory innervation
pain, temperature = Lingual of Mandibular of Trigeminal (5)) Taste = chorda tympani of facial nerve (7)
51
Caudal 1/3 sensory innervation
Glossopharyngeal n (9)
52
Name the compartments of the sublingual floor
Pre-frenulum part two sublingual recesses
53
1) Pre-frenulum part 2) sublingual recesses white arrow = frenulum
54
What is the sublingual caruncle and which ducts open here
Mound of mucosa, rostrolateral to the frenulum linguae. The mandibular duct & monostomatic sublingual duct (except in horse) open at the sublingual caruncle
55
Name # 4, 3, 5
4) sublingual recesses 3) frenulum linguae 5) two sublingual caruncles
56
Name the lymphoid tissue associated with the frenulum
sublingual tonsil
57
Define palatoschisis
Cleft palate
58
Define cheiloschisis
Cleft lip (hare lip)
59
Define Palatocheiloschisis
Both cleft palate and lip
60
Define and give Clin sig of cleft palate
Failure of hard palate fusion at palatine raphe Cleft palate (hard palate or soft palate) allow food into the nasal cavity/nasopharynx → aspiration pneumonia. Be aware of major palatine a and nerve in ventral hard palate in sx correction (palatoplasty)
61
What is the incisive papilla
Mound of mucosa located on midline at the rostral end of the palatine raphe. (caudal to cental incisors) Houses the oral opening of the incisive ducts (except in equine these opeinings are blind)
62
What is the dental pad
Thickened mucosa of hard palate Replaces incisors in ruminants
63
What are the palatine ridges (rugae)
Transverse mucosal ridges (facing caudally)
64
What is the palatine raphe
median line joining the 2 halves of the hard palate
65
1) Buccal papillae 2) Palatine ridges 3) Dental pad 4) Incisive papilla 5) Palatine raphe
66
What is 1?
Incisive papilla
67
What are the two ends of the incisive (nasopalatine) ducts
Tube extends oblique in palatine fissure The nasal end leads to & communicates with the vomeronasal organ (smell can be sensed by oral cavity) The palatine end opens to the side of the incisive papilla (Closed in equine & represented by a small depression)
68
Whta is this? Name #2, 3, 4, 5
Incisive ducts 2) palatine fissure 3) nasal end 4) palatine end 5) Vomeronasal organ
69
Clin sig of palatine venous plexus
A risk of injury to the major palatine a. or for the palatine venous plexus by a sharp-edged instruments, as a tooth chisel, especially if the horse resist manipulation . The consequences are heavy bleeding. Clinical Note: The mucosa covering the hard palate of the horse caudal to the incisors may bulge ventrally due to significant development of submucosal vascular plexus. This is normal for the horse. In foals, this bulging of the hard palate mucosa may be mistaken for an abnormal swelling.
70
Where can a pulse be felt in an anesthetized horse
In upper diastema (major palatine artery)
71
1) Cavernous nasal venous plexus 2) palatine venous plexus
72
Name the major salivary glands
Parotid, mandibular, sublingual
73
Name the minor salivary glands
Labial, buccal, palatine, lingual
74
Name #1, 2, 3 4 5, 6, 7, 9, 10
1) Polystomatic sublingual 2) Zygomatic 3) Zygomatic duct 4) Parotid duct 5) Parotid 6) Mandibular 7) Sublingual caruncle 9) Rostral part of monostomatic sublingual 10) Caudal part of monostomatic sublingual (note: it overlies the mandibular gland)
75
Species difference in types of salivary gland
The horse & camel have only polystomatic sublingual sg., other animals have both. zygomatic gland only in dog, cat, and camel
76
Where does parotid duct terminate
Parotid papilla
77
Path of the parotid duct in various species
In carnivores, pig & sheep: Crosses the masseter m between the dorsal & ventral buccal brr of facial n. In horse, ox, and goat: Runs along the ventral margin of the masseter m.
78
What is Viborrg's triangle
site to access enlarged Guttural pouch (note: A normal (non-distended) guttural pouch is located more dorsomedially and is not accessible through Viborg’s triangle) the parotid duct passes over the tendon of insertion of the sternocephalicus m.
79
Viborg's triangle
80
name the structures in the facial groove in a horse
Yellow: parotid duct Blue: facial vein Red: Facial artery
81
Species differences and clin sig of facial groove
In the horse: pulse site In the cow: the sternomandibularis is inserted on the body of mandible → prevents facial artery and vein and parotid duct from being palpable
82
Name three Clinical problems possible involving the salivary opening/gland/duct
Tartar buildup @ upper carnassial tooth Sialoliths In ox and horse, the parotid duct may become occluded by salivary stones. Salivary mucocele or sialocele Damaged salivary gland or duct → leaked saliva → a cyst-like accumulations in the adjacent tissues. Treatment involves removal of the glands & their ducts.
83
Species differences with buccal salivary glands
in all animals there are dorsal & ventral buccal SGs In dog, cat and camel the dorsal buccal is enlarged & called zygomatic (or orbital) SG. It is located medial & ventral to zygomatic arch Molar glands are the caudal continuation of the ventral buccal deep to the masseter muscle. In Ruminants there is middle buccal sg.
84
Orange = Parotid gland and it duct (#2) Red = mandibular gland and its duct (#4) Green = Sublingual gland monostomatic (#5) and polystomatic #6) Blue = Buccal gland, Dorsal buccal (zygomatic in dog & cat) (#7), Middle buccal (#8), Ventral buccal (#9)
85
Where is the zygomatic salivary gland and duct located and where does the duct empty
Located deep to the rostral zygomatic arch Zygomatic duct (3) * Empties into the buccal vestibule by zygomatic papilla * ~1 cm caudal to the parotid papilla (at the level of last molar)
86
Where is the mandibular salivary gland located and where does the duct empty
Ventral to parotid sg in carnivores * Partially covered by the parotid salivary gland * In the dog it lies between the linguofacial and maxillary veins. * Mandibular duct empties at the sublingual caruncle
87
Clin sig of mandibular salivary gland
The large, mandibular sg is easy to feel at the angle of the jaw. Note: The smaller, more mobile mandibular lnn (10) lie just rostral to the sg. Telling them apart in the living dog takes practice
88
What are the circumoral glands and i what species are they present
Modified sebaceous glands for grooming in a cat
89
Circumoral glands

Eating and Eliminating (9 decks)

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