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Eating and Eliminating > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Incisor function

A

grip and/or cut

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2
Q

Canine function

A

hold and/or puncture or tear

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3
Q

premolar function

A

to hold/carry in some species, grind in others

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4
Q

molar function

A

shearing in some species, grinding in others

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5
Q

Name the bone and correlating tooth type for the upper arcade

A

incisive bone: I
maxillary bone: C, P, M

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6
Q

what are the cheek teeth

A

P and M

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7
Q

Name the bone and correlating tooth type for the lower arcade

A

Mandibular: I, C, P, M

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8
Q

What is a quadrant

A

side/half of an arcade

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9
Q

What is an arcade

A

All teeth in the upper or lower jaw

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10
Q

Describe the vestibular surface

A

Vestibular:
labial = rostral, near the lips (used with I and C teeth)
Buccal = caudal, near the cheeks (used with P and M teeth)

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11
Q

Describe the lingual surface

A

Facing the tongue, used in mandibular teeth

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12
Q

Describe the palatal surface

A

Facing the palate, used in maxillary teeth

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13
Q

Describe the mesial surface

A

Rostral (P,M) and Medial ( C,I) surface between teeth

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14
Q

Describe the distal surface

A

Caudal (P,M) and lateral (C,I) surface between teeth

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15
Q

What is the occlusal surface

A

the surface that
meets another tooth of the
opposite arcade
* Chewing or grinding surface

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16
Q

What is the crown

A

Visible part that extends beyond the gingiva or
“gums”

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17
Q

What is the neck

A

Constriction at base of crown, at the level of the gingiva (Cementoenamel junction)

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18
Q

What is the root

A

Located beyond the level of the attached gingiva, embedded in alveolar bone

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19
Q

What is the apex

A

Root tip

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20
Q

What is enamel and where on the tooth is it found

A

Hardest substance in the body
Superficially covers the Crown
Insensitive and does not regenerate

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21
Q

What is dentin and where on the tooth is it found

A
  • Middle layer (is majority of dental tissue)
  • Surrounds the pulp cavity
  • Sensitive and regenerative
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22
Q

What is the cementum, where is it found, and what important structure is associated with it

A

Limited to the root
Fibers of the periodontal ligament extend from the cementum to the surrounding alveolar bone

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23
Q

What is the pulp, where is it found

A

Most internal portion of the tooth
Within the pulpar cavity
Connective tissue with vessels, nerves,
lymphatic vessels

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24
Q

What is a diphyodont

A

Has two sets of teeth (deciduous and permanent teeth)

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25
Q

What are deciduous teeth and which tooth types have deciduous teeth

A

aka “milk teeth” or primary teeth
Only I,C, and some P (no deciduous P1 and M)

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26
Q

What is a polyphyodont

A

Replace teeth regularly (ie a shark)

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27
Q

What is a monophyodont

A

one set of teeth (ie rodents)

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28
Q

Describe permanent teeth eruption

A

permanent tooth presses against the root of the deciduous tooth, causing gradual destruction of the deciduous root

The primordium of the permanent tooth is located on the lingual side
of the deciduous tooth

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29
Q

Name the dental formula for the maxillary arcade in the cat (deciduous and permanent)

A

i3 c1 p3
I3 C1 P3 M1

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30
Q

Name the dental formula for the mandibular arcade in the cat (deciduous and permanent)

A

i3 c1 p2
I3 C1 P2 M1

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31
Q

Name the dental formula for the maxillary arcade in the dog (deciduous and permanent)

A

i3 c1 p3
I3 C1 P4 M2

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32
Q

Name the dental formula for the mandibular arcade in the dog (deciduous and permanent)

A

i3 c1 p3
I3 C1 P4 M3

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33
Q

Name the dental formula for the maxillary arcade in the ruminant (deciduous and permanent)

A

i0 c0 p3
I0 C0 P3 M3

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34
Q

Name the dental formula for the mandibular arcade in the ruminant (deciduous and permanent)

A

i3 c1 p3
I3(4) C1(0) P3 M3

35
Q

Name the dental formula for the maxillary arcade in the horse (deciduous and permanent)

A

i3 c1 p3
I3 C1 P3(4) M3

36
Q

Name the dental formula for the mandibular arcade in the horse (deciduous and permanent)

A

i3 c1 p3
I3 C1 P3(4) M3

37
Q

Incisor triadan number

A

01, 02, 03

38
Q

Canine triadan number

A

04

39
Q

Premolar triadan number

A

05, 06, 07, 08

40
Q

Molar triadan number

A

09, 10, 11

41
Q

right upper triadan number

A

100’s

42
Q

Left upper triadan number

A

200’s

43
Q

Right lower triadan number

A

400’s

44
Q

Left lower triadan number

A

300’s

45
Q

Describe brachydont teeth

A

Eruption is determinate: tooth grows,
erupts, and then ceases growing and
erupting

  • short crown, long root
  • entire crown erupts (“extends beyond”
    gingiva)
  • entire crown is covered by an external
    layer of enamel
  • cementum is restricted to the root
46
Q

Describe hypsodont teeth

A

Teeth that continuously erupt
that accommodates the
continuous wear

Continuous eruption and wear
create a continuum of changes
visible on the tooth

  • Long crown, short root, no real
    neck
  • Only a small part of the crown is
    above the gingiva.
47
Q

What is the anatomic, clinical, and reserve crown

A

Used to describe crown in hypsodont teeth
clinical = visible, above gingiva
reserve = non-visuble, under gingiva
Anatomic = clinical + reserve crown

48
Q

Which teeth are hypso vs brachydont in the horse

A

Hypsodont: Incisors and cheek teeth (P3-M3)
Brachydont: C and P2, all deciduous teeth

49
Q

Which teeth are hypso vs brachydont in the ruminant

A

Hypsodont: P and M
Brachydont: I and C, all deciduous teeth

50
Q

Which teeth are hypso vs brachydont in carniovores

A

all teeth types are brachydont (and decidous)

51
Q

What are the carnassial teeth and their function

A

aka shearing or sectorial teeth

upper P4 and Lower M1 in dogs/cats

These teeth do not grind; rather, they
pass each other like blades of scissors,
and really function to cut ingesta into
swallowable pieces

52
Q

List the 1 root teeth in the dog and cat

A

All incisors and canines, 1st premolar (max and mand)
Mandibular M3 (only dogs have this)

53
Q

List the 1 root teeth in the cat

A

All incisors and canines, P2 (max)
sometimes maxillary m1

note: cats do not have max P1

54
Q

List the two root teeth in the dog

A

Maxillary P2, P3
Mandibular P2, P3, P4, M1, M2

55
Q

List the two root teeth in the cat

A

Maxillary P3
Mandibular P3, P4, M1
Sometimes Maxillary M1

56
Q

List the three root teeth in the dog

A

Maxillary P4, M1, M2

57
Q

List the three root teeth in the cat

A

Maxillary P4

58
Q

In what order do decidous and permanent teeth erupt?

A

Incisor –> canine –> Premolar –> molar

Note: no deciduous teeth for molars

59
Q

At what age do dogs and cats have their first permanent teeth

A

Dog: 3-5 months
Cat: 3.5-5.5 months

60
Q

At what age do dogs and cats have all of their permanent teeth

A

Dogs: 5-7 months
Cats: 5-6 months

61
Q

Clinical importance of tooth infection in dogs

A

Maxillary P4 root is close to maxillary recess and can cause abscess formation is infected

62
Q

Clinical importance of tooth infection in cats

A

Maxillary P4 root is close to ventral wall of orbit so infection may be seen draining from the eye

63
Q

Ruminant dentition species difference

A

Upper incisors and canine teeth are absent.

64
Q

What is the dental pad

A

a thick, keratinized area at the rostral part of the hard palate in ruminants

65
Q

What is the incisiform canine

A

In ruminants, the lower canines lie immediately adjacent to the lateral incisors (and have a similar shape)
* May be referred to as the “corner incisor”
or I4

66
Q

List the age at which each permanent incisor erupts in ruminants

A

I1: 1.5 - 2 y
I2: 2 - 2.5 y
I3: 3 - 3.5 y
I4: 3.5 - 4 y

67
Q

At what age in ruminants are all incisors erupted and worn in

A

5 years

68
Q

At what age in ruminants are all incisors level or smooth

A

9 years

69
Q

Equine dentition species difference

A

Enalmel folded into the tooth for extra strength (creates external enamel and central enamel)
Superficial and infundibular cementum

70
Q

What is the infundibulum

A

In horses, the central enamel creates a central depression formed by the invagination of the enamel
Lined by cementum
Filled with black debris

71
Q

In horses, list the order age related wear can be seen amongst the incisor teeth

A

I1 first then I2 and then I3

72
Q

What are points and where and why are the formed

What procedure helps reduce points?

A

Sharp enamel points develop in typical locations due to-
1. Lateral grinding motion of chewing
2. Difference in width of upper jaw and lower jaw
3. Angle of occlusive surface

Formed on maxillary buccal and mandibular lingual surfaces

Floating

73
Q

Which teeth roots are associated with the rostral maxillary sinus

A

Maxillary M1 (#’s 109, 209)

74
Q

Which teeth roots are associated with the caudal maxillary sinus

A

Maxillary M2, M3 (#’s 110, 111 and 210, 211)

75
Q

Clinical signifcance of tooth infection/fracture in horses

A

Can cause tooth root abscess in maxillary sinus

76
Q

What are wolf teeth

A

P1 in horses (vestigial)
variable erupts (not present in every individual)
Often fall out when P2 erupts
Or removed due to ‘bitting’ problems (less so now, only removed if causing problems)
Does not erupt on mandibular arcade

77
Q

Name the different ways we can age a horse according to its teeth

A

Eruption times of deciduous teeth
Eruption times of permanent teeth
Structures of the mandibular incisors in wear Shape of the mandibular incisor ‘table surface’ Hooks
Galvayne’s groove
Angle of the incisors in profile

78
Q

Name and define structures in the mandibular incisor used to age a horse

A

Cup: The food stained space in the infundibulum
Enamel spot: The bottom of the infundibulum
Dental star: Secondary dentin covering the pulp cavity

79
Q

Cups, enamel spots, and dental stars are evaluated where?

A

Mandibular incisors

80
Q

Shape/ table surface is evaluated where?

A

Mandibular incisors

81
Q

Where are hooks evaluated?

A

Maxillary I3 (upper corner incisor - UCI)

82
Q

Where is Galvayne’s groove evaluated?

A

Maxillary I3 (upper corner incisor - UCI)
Compare both sides!

83
Q

How does incisor angle in profile change with age in a horse?

A

More angular with age

Eating and Eliminating (9 decks)

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