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My Developmental Psych > Piagets Cognitive Dev Theory > Flashcards

Piagets Cognitive Dev Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Jean Piaget years and study?

A

1896-1980 , Philosophy

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2
Q

What was his theory?

A
  • Qualitative (Discontinuous through stages)
  • Active learners (interaction between student and environment
  • Universal
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3
Q

What was “little scientists”?

A

Had children generate hypothesis, conduct experiments, and draw conclusions.

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4
Q

Underlying structure to diversity for infants? (Schemes)

A
  • Repeatable

- Generalizable

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5
Q

Underlying structure to diversity for older children?

mental operations

A
  • Logicomathematical

- General

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6
Q

Schemes?

A

Organized patterns of behavior which reflect a particular way of interacting with the environment.

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7
Q

-Biological influence-

Assimilation?

A

Process by which people add incoming information into concepts they already understand

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8
Q

-Biological influence-

Accommodation?

A

Process by which people adapt their current understandings in response to new information.

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9
Q

Piagets 4 stages are? (Universal sequene of stages)

A
  • Sensorimotor
  • Preoperational
  • Concrete operations
  • Formal operations
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10
Q

Sensorimotor period is when?

A

0-2 years

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11
Q

Sensorimotor period

-Modification of reflexes is when?

A

birth-1m

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12
Q

Sensorimotor period

-Primary circular reactions is when?

A

1-4m

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13
Q

Sensorimotor period

-Secondary cirular reactions is when?

A

4-8m

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14
Q

Sensorimotor period

-Coordination of secondary reactions is when?

A

8-12m

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15
Q

Sensorimotor period

-Tertiary circular reactions is when?

A

12-18m

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16
Q

Internalization of schemes is when?

A

18-24m

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17
Q

Modification of reflexes is? and when?

Schemes/reflexes included

A

birth-1m
Reflexes- wired in responses that are triggered by certain stimuli
Schemes- organized patterns of behavior which reflect a particular way of interacting with the enviorment
Ex. Sucking example

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18
Q

Primary circular reaction is? and when?

A

1-4m

A behavior that is repeated over and over again and thus becomes circular.

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19
Q

Secondary circular reactions and when?

A

4-8m
Oriented to the external world, focus on the environmental consequences .
Ex. Shaking a rattle, a noise is produced

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20
Q

Coordination of secondary circular reactions is? and when?

A

8-12m

  • Infants begin to achieve their goals
    • Planning and coordinate schemes
    • Use of objects
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21
Q

Tertiary circular reactions is and when?

A

12-18m

  • Deliberate experiments on the environment
  • Trial and error exploration
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22
Q

Internalization of schemes (Beginnings of thought) what and when?

A

18-24m

-Use of mental symbols to represent objects & events

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23
Q

Overview of the sensorimotor period? 0-2years

A
  • Child learns about properties of objects

- Behavior becomes more intentional

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24
Q

Object permanence?

A

-Objects exists even when one cannot see, hear or feel it (out of sight > out of mind)

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25
Q

Stage 1 of object permanence?

A

Infant does not search for object

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26
Q

Stage 2 of object permanence?

A

Search for object only if partially hidden

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27
Q

Stage 3 of object permanence?

A

Children have skills needed to look for hidden objects, persists in searching where previously searched

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28
Q

Stage 4 of object permanence?

A

Children search for objects after several displacements, only if visible

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29
Q

Stage 5 of object permanence?

A

Children can represent objects mentally

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30
Q

Mental representation?

A

Understanding that one thing stands for another

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31
Q

Pre-operational period is?

A

Children begin to use symbols, language and develop make believe play, but thinking lacks logical qualities

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32
Q

When is pre-operational period?

A

2-7 years of age

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33
Q

Characteristics of pre-operational period?

A
  • Egocentrism
  • Semi-logical reasoning
  • Limited social cognition
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34
Q

Semiotic function? (Symbolic function) PreOP

A

Ability to use a mental symbol, word, or an object to represent something that is not physically present

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35
Q

Symbols? PreOP

A

Bear some similarity to the objects or events they stand for . EX. using a cloth as a pillow

36
Q

Signs? PreOP

A

Arbitrarily related to certain events or objects. Ex. the word table and the four-legged object

37
Q

3 reasons we know in pre-op

A

1) Delayed imitation
2) Pretend play
3) Drawing

38
Q

Egocentrism? PreOP

A

Don’t know that others have a point of view

39
Q

Verbal egocentrism? PreOP

A

Speech. Conversation between two pre-operational children

40
Q

Visual egocentrism? PreOP

A

Perspective talking. Three-mountain task

41
Q

3 mountain task. How old to see PreOP

A

Children under 6 choose the picture that shows what they see

42
Q

Rigidity of thought? PreOP

A

Children’s thinking is rigid and inflexible. Not organized into a reversible system

43
Q

Centration? PreOP

A

Focus on one aspect of reality while ignoring other features

44
Q

Conservation? PreOP

A

Certain physical aspects of object remain the same even when outward appearance changes

45
Q

Hierarchical classification? PreOP

A

Organize classes and subclasses based on group similarities/differences

46
Q

Focus on appearance and reality? PreOP

A

Cannot think of appearance and reality of objects simultaneously. Focus on one or the other.

47
Q

Semi-logical reasoning ? PreOP

A

Children tend to combine ideas

48
Q

Animistic reasoning? PreOP

A

Giving humanlike properties to inanimate objects

49
Q

Limited social cognition? PreOP

A

Children’s thought of different social situations.
Ex. Pre-operational child judges a situation based on external variables, not considering internal variables (person’s intention)

50
Q

Concrete Operations Stage is when? CO

A

7-12 years of age

51
Q

Concrete operations is? CO

A
  • Children acquire logical structures, such as adding, subtracting, dividing, and multiplying.
  • Representations are no longer rigid
52
Q

Operations is? CO

A

Organized, formal, logical mental processes

Ex. Reversibility, adding/subtracting

53
Q

Conservation is? CO

A

Understanding that certain aspects of situation remain the same, in spite of changes to it.

54
Q

What two mental operations allow children to “conserve”

A

Decentration and reversibility

55
Q

Decentration is? CO

A

Understanding that theres multiple dimensions to an object or event

56
Q

Reversibility is? CO

A

Understanding that logical actions may be reversed.

57
Q

What are Piagets 3 steps of conservation? CO

A

1) Absence of conservation
2) Intermediary reactions
3) Necessary Conservation

58
Q

Absence of conservation?

A

Child thinks normal of quanity of liquid to vary according to form and dimensions of container (pre-operational stage)

59
Q

Intermediary reactions?

A

Conservation slightly there

60
Q

Necessary conservations?

A

Child postulates conservation

61
Q

Class inclusion? CO (Classification)

A

The concept that subcategories are part of a broader category.

62
Q

Hierarchical classification? CO (Classification)

A

Organization of objects into classes and subclasses on the basis of similarities/differences between the groups

63
Q

Class inclusion? CO (Classification)

A

The concept that subcategories are part of a broader category.

64
Q

Hierarchical classification? CO (Classification)

A

Organization of objects into classes and subclasses on the basis of similarities/differences between the groups

65
Q

Seriation is? CO

A

Putting things in order based off certain dimensions

66
Q

Temporal spatial representations ?

A

Children’s perception are influenced by the larger context instead of the immediate surroundings.

67
Q

How long does formal operations stage last?

A

12-15 years of age

68
Q

Formal operations have what type of reasoning?

A

Abstract and scientific reasoning

69
Q

Concrete Op vs Formal Op?

A

Concrete Op- applied to objects and events

Formal Op- used to generate hypothesis about logical relations

70
Q

Propositional thought is? FO

A

Evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-life circumstances (Verbal reasoning without abstract concepts)

71
Q

Internal reflection is? FO

A

Insight about alternative views

72
Q

Imaginary audience is? FO

A

Belief that they are the focus of everyone else’s attention. (Self-conscious = sensitive to public criticism)

73
Q

Personal fable is? FO

A

Belief that they are special and unique

74
Q

Name 3 critiques of Piagets theory.

A

1) Small sample
2) Children’s ability not as limited
3) No account for social context

75
Q

New borns orient to sounds if ? (3 things)

A
  • Held properly
  • Sounds not too intense
  • Sound not too short
76
Q

At what age are infants “Visual-tactile”

A

1m

77
Q

At what age are infants “Auditory visual”

A

3.5m

78
Q

When does full object permanence occur?

A

12-18m

79
Q

What is object permanence?

A

Objects exist independently of ones perception of them and action on them

80
Q

When do infants start searching for object?

A

8m

81
Q

Example of non-search test?

A

Violation of expectation method

82
Q

Habituation is?

A

Presenting info to infant to point where they become bored with it

83
Q

3 Problems in research

A

1) Researchers ignorance
2) Culturally insensitive tests
3) Poor estimate of age

84
Q

Researchers ignorance is?

A

Investigators not proficient in the subjects language and culture

85
Q

Culturally insensitive tests is?

A

Investigators try to standardize Piagets conservation tasks and treat them as performance tests

86
Q

Poor estimate of age is?

A

Subjects ages are determined through approximation as there are no available birth dates

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