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My Developmental Psych > Ch3 Powerpoint slides > Flashcards

Ch3 Powerpoint slides Flashcards

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1
Q

Why know about growth and motor development?

A
  • To determine reasonable expectations for a child
  • To develop screening tools or screen for problems
  • Because humans are complex systems
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2
Q

What is reasonable to expect of a child at a particular age?

A
  • Need to know what is typical/not typical
  • Need to know how much variability there is between children of same and different age
  • In the same child over short period of time
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3
Q

Children who are tall are thought to be?

A

Older, more mature, smarter

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4
Q

Children who are short, or motorically delayed are thought to be?

A

Younger, less mature, dumber

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5
Q

Consequences for children who start puberty early are?

Affects girls greater

A

Girls: teased, self-conscious, withdrawn, be treated like older then they really are
Boys: relaxed, confident, attractive, popular

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6
Q

Consequences for children who start puberty late are?

Affects boys greater

A

Boys: Anxious, feel inferior, self-conscious, not as well liked
Girls: Physically attractive, poised, leader

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7
Q

Growth and motor development occurs how anatomically? (3)

A

1) Proximal to distal (Center outwards)
2) Cephalocaudal progression (Head to toe)
3) Hierarchial integration (Simple to complex

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8
Q

Secular trend is?

A

Average age of puberty decreasing over time

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9
Q

When is the most rapid postnatal growth?

A

Birth-2 years. (1st year of life)

Next is puberty

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10
Q

When do boys and girls reach 1/2 of adult height?

A

Boys: 2-2.5 years
Girls: 18m-2 years

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11
Q

Girls vs boys onset of puberty? And range?

A 
girls 9   (8-13)
boys 11   (10-13.5)
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12
Q

Girls vs boys peak growth occurs when? And when does growth end?

A

girls 11-14 (19)

boys 13-17 (21)

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13
Q

During peak growth of 2-3 years , max and average of height?

A

G: 6-7 in (Average of 3.5in per year)
B: 9in (Average of 4.1in per year)

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14
Q

When does rapid weight gain occur for boys and girls? And how much weight?

A

G: 12-13 (~35lbs)
B: 14-15 (~45 lbs)

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15
Q

What is catch-up growth? And what is recovery dependent on?

A

Growth rate catches up as long as condition improves

Dependent on: severity, length of problem, time period of development

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16
Q

Changes in proportions during growth spurt?

A
  • Face longer
  • Nose projects
  • Jaw prominent
  • Hair recedes
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17
Q

Between 5 and 16 years old, how much muscle is built?

A

G: 10x larger
B: 14x larger

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18
Q

Menarche and spermarche

A

G: onset of menstruation (ovaries, uterus, vagina)
B: 1st spontaneous ejaculation (scrotum, testes, penis)

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19
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics for G and B

A

G: boobs bigger, wider pelvis, pubic hair
B:facial hair, broad shoulders, deep voice

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20
Q

Why are we having early puberty’s

A
  • Chemical pesticides
  • environmental stress
  • hormones in food
  • nutrition
21
Q

Primary aging (senescence) is what ?

A

Irreversible changes due to genetic programming

  • gray hair
  • wrinkles
  • weight gain
  • decreased height
22
Q

Secondary aging is what?

A

Changes that are due to illness, health habits, and other individual factors which are not inevitable.

23
Q

Functional age?

A

An individuals physical and psychological well-being

24
Q

Types of old?

A

Young old- healthy and active
Old old- some health problems, and difficulty with daily activities
Oldest old- frail and in need of care

25
Q

Why does brain grow faster than any other part?

A
  • Increased number of interconnections among cells

- Amount of protective myelin increases

26
Q

Rooting reflex?

A

-Turn head towards things that touch its cheek

27
Q

Moro reflex?

A

-Activated when support for neck and head is removed. Infant thrusts out arms and try to grasp.

28
Q

Babinski reflex?

A

Infant fans out toes in response to stroke on the outside of foot

29
Q

Possible indications of neurological problems?

A
  • Abnormal presence of absence of reflex
  • Unequal bilateral reflex
  • Persistence of reflex
  • Emergence of reflex that dropped out
30
Q

Sits w/ slight support (average and range)

A 
1m average
(1-5m range)
31
Q

Sits alone momentarily (average and range)

A

6-7m average

4-8m range

32
Q

Stands alone (ave and range)

A

10-12m average

9-14m range

33
Q

Walks alone (ave and range)

A 
12m average
(11-15 m range)
34
Q

Reaches for object at what month?

A

5.5m

35
Q

Grasping for object at what month? What types of grasp?

A

Palmer grasp- birth-5m

Pincer grasp- 7-9m

36
Q

Sensation is what?

A

-physical stimulation of the sense organs

37
Q

Perception is what?

A

-mental process of sorting, interpreting, and integrating stimuli from the sense organ/brain

38
Q

Newborns orient to sounds if?

A
  • held properly

- not too brief

39
Q

Newborn distance vision vs 6m infant vision

A

20/200-20/600
vs
20/20

40
Q

Newborn has 2 kinds of vision limitations

A

1) getting image

2) reading image

41
Q

Getting image is what?

A

-eyes dont always converge on 1 object

42
Q

Reading image is what?

A
  • cones are immature
  • spaced farther apart
  • catch 2% of light
43
Q

Preferences that are present from birth? (Infant vision)

A
  • Genetically programed to prefer particular kinds of stimuli
  • prefer to look at patterned over simpler stimuli
44
Q

When does visual acuity start to decline?

A

age 40
Declining depth perception and night vision
Glaucoma

45
Q

What is Presbyopia?

A

Loss of near vision

46
Q

What is Glaucoma?

A

is a disease that damages your eye’s optic nerve. It usually happens when fluid builds up in the front part of your eye

47
Q

Describe the vision in late adulthood.

A
  • Lens is less transparent, pupils shrink
  • Optic nerve less efficient
  • Cataracts (clouding of the eyes natural lens)
  • Glaucoma (Damage of eyes optic nerve)
  • Macular degeneration
48
Q

Macular degeneration?

A
  • Vision loss, center of the field of vision

- Wet: leaky blood vessels grow under retina

My Developmental Psych (8 decks)

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