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My Developmental Psych > Ch2 Powerpoint slides > Flashcards

Ch2 Powerpoint slides Flashcards

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1
Q

3 stages of Prenatal development

A

Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal

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2
Q

Zygote is?

A

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum. (earliest development)

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3
Q

Germinal stage lasts?

A

2 weeks from conception

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4
Q

Germinal stage major achievements?

A
  • Rapid cell division (formation of blastocyst)

- Attachment to uterine wall (formation of amnion, and development of placenta)

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5
Q

How many ovum do women have in lifetime

A

400k

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6
Q

Ovum to sperm ratio

A

2500/1

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7
Q

Sperm swim how fast

A

1in per hour, hundreds of millions for each ejaculation

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8
Q

Female vs male sperm

A

Male faster

Female survive better

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9
Q

Kleinfelters syndrome is?

A

(XXY) male, after puberty = boobs, less hair, small balls

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10
Q

Turners syndrome is?

A

(X0) female, Smaller statute, delayed puberty

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11
Q

Monozygotic twins?

A

Twins who are genetically identical, single egg and sperm

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12
Q

Dizygotic twins?

A

Twins who are not genetically identical, two eggs and two sperm

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13
Q

Hyperovulate?

A

2+ eggs per month

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14
Q

When does first cell division occur?

A

~30hours after conception

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15
Q

When is 2nd cell division?

A

Day 2, four cells, becomes more rapid over time

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16
Q

When does the germinal period end?

A

Implantation in uterine wall

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17
Q

Germinal stage, start and end?

A

Conception- attachment to uterine wall

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18
Q

Embryonic stage lasts from?

A

2nd to 8th week

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19
Q

Embryonic stage, start and end?

A

attachment to uterine wall-formation of bone cells

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20
Q

Embryonic stage major achievements?

A

-growth from 1/4in to 1in
-major organs formed
-movement
Skeletal is last to grow

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21
Q

Cell differentiation?

A

Process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. … Differentiation occurs many times during the development of a multicellular organism. The organism changes from a single zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types.

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22
Q

Cell migration?

A

Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Tissue formation during embryonic development, wound healing and immune responses all require the orchestrated movement of cells in particular directions to specific locations.

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23
Q

Embryo composed how many layers of cells. (Name?)

A

3

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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24
Q

Endoderm?

A

Inner layer. Develop into digestive and respiratory systems, liver and pancreas.

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25
Q

Mesoderm?

A

Middle layer. Become bones/muscles

circulatory , excretory , and reproductive system

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26
Q

Ectoderm?

A

Outermost layer of cells. Becomes nervous system, brain, sensory receptors (Ears, nose, eyes) and skin parts

27
Q

If neural tube (head) doesn’t close, it can lead to?

A

Anencephaly- brain does not develop properly

Spina Bifida- unable to move properly (still live)

28
Q

Heart starts beating when?

A

At 18 days

29
Q

At 4 weeks what grows?

A

eye and arm bud

30
Q

Cephalocaudal development

A

Development from head down

31
Q

Proximodistal development

A

from the center outwards

32
Q

What happens at 5-6th week

A

fingers grow, human, spinal cord, legs

33
Q

Eye opens and closes when?

A

open at 6.5 weeks, close at 9 weeks. open again at 7months

34
Q

When do fingernails grow?

A

17 weeks

35
Q

Fingerprints grow when?

A

at 8-9 weeks

36
Q

Embryonic period ends when?

A

when bones begin to develop

37
Q

When can fetus survive outsides the womb?

A

At 22-24 weeks

38
Q

Fetal stage is how long?

A

30 weeks

39
Q

Fetal stage start and end?

A

Bone growth-birth

40
Q

Fetal stage major achievements?

A
  • Grows from 1in to 20 in
  • movement felt by mother
  • sex known at 12 weeks
  • hearing at 5 months
  • sensitive to light
41
Q

Yolk sac does what?

A

-helps feed fetus to grow

42
Q

What is quickening?

A

-movements are felt from fetus

43
Q

Thumb sucking begins when?

A

4 months

44
Q

When does skin become vulnerable? And what else occurs at this time

A

at 4.5 months, sleeping waking states also occur.

45
Q

Vernix is?

A

layer of fat that protects the skin

46
Q

What happens at 7 months

A

growth slows, and
VIABLE (able to survive outside the womb)
Digestive and respiratory systems working

47
Q

Average length and weight at birth?

A

20 inches long, and 7lbs heavy (20in x 7lb)

48
Q

Brain development what 3 major aspects?

A
  • Cell proliferation
  • Cell migration
  • Cell differentiation
49
Q

Cell proliferation?

A

Development of new neurons

50
Q

Cell migration?

A

Neurons move to “proper location”

51
Q

Cell differentiation?

A

Neurons specialize

52
Q

Teratogens and 3 important factors that determine severity?

A 
Any environmental agent that causes damage during prenatal period
1) dose 
2)heredity
3)timing  -what point during pregnancy
Embryonic stage is most sensitive
53
Q

When and why is child most susceptible to teratogens?

A

Embryonic period when major organs are forming and begin to function (Each organ has specific critical period)

54
Q

Drugs affecting prenatal development?

A

Drugs: prescription, non-prescription (advil), psychoactive drugs (act on nervous system) caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, marijuana

55
Q

Other factors affecting prenatal development. IEMMM

A 
Incompatible blood types 
Environmental hazards
Maternal diseases (aids)
Maternal nutrition (consumption of folic acid)
Maternal age (adolescence, >35 years of age
56
Q

Describe stage 1 of labor

A

Cervical dilation

Uterine contractions and ends when the cervical opening is fully dilated. **6-12 hours (16-24 for first time mothers)

57
Q

Describe stage 2 of labor

A

Expulsion (babys crowning)

extends from end of the first stage until the baby is completely expelled. **90minutes

58
Q

Describe stage 3 of labor

A

Afterbirth

Placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes expelled ** 2 minutes

59
Q

APGAR scale is?

A 
1m and 5m after baby is born
Appearance (skin tone)
Pulse (HR)
Grimace (reflexes)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration (breathing)
60
Q

APGAR scale rating system?

A

Each factor between 0-2
Good = 7-10
Needs special care= 4-6
Life threatening= < 3

61
Q

Pre-term/low birth-weight /SGA, what the weights and weeks

A

Pre-term infants = < 38 weeks
Low birth-weight infants = < 5.5 lbs (2500g)
SGA = 5.5-6.7lbs (2500-3060g)

62
Q

Very low birth-weight ?

A

Most vulnerable, < 2.25 lbs (1250g)

63
Q

What causes pre-term and low birth-weight deliveries?

A
  • Difficulties with mother reproductive system
  • Immaturity of mothers reproductive system
  • General health of mother
64
Q

Post-mature babies are?

A

2 weeks or more overdue

  • Blood supply from placenta may be insufficient
  • Low blood supply to brain may cause brain damage
  • Labor riskier for lg fetus to pass through birth canal

My Developmental Psych (8 decks)

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