Physiology Wk 1 Flashcards
What is physiology
is the study of functions of living things
What is a cell
the basic unit of life
What are the basic cell functions
- obtaining food (nutrients) and o2 from the environment
- eliminating the cell’s environment carbon dioxide and other waste products
- synthesising proteins and other components needed for cell structure, growth, carrying out particular cell functions
- controlling the exchanging of materials between the cell and its surrounding environment and it being sensitive to changes in the environment
- reproducing (with exception of muscle and nerve cells that have limited reproductive capacity)
what are specialised cell functions
- the gland cells of the digestive system secrete digestive enzymes that break down ingested food
- certain kidney cells can selectively retain the substances needed by the body while eliminating unwanted substances in the urine
- muscle cells generate tension by selective movement of internal structures which results in contraction
- nerve cells generate of transmit electrical impulses to other body regions
what are the four types of tissue
- muscle tissue
- nervous tissue
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
function of muscle tissue and three types of muscle tissue
- consists of cells specialised for contracting which generates tension and produces movement
skeletal muscle- moves the skeleton
cardiac muscle- pumps blood out of the heart
smooth muscle- controls movement of contents through hollow tubes and organs
function of nervous tissue and where is nervous tissue found
- consists of cells specialised for initiating and transmitting electrical impulses
- electrical impulses act as signals that relay information from one part of the body to another. these are important for coordination, communication and control in the body
it is found in the brain, spinal cord, nerves and special sense organs
function of epithelial tissue and its two types of structures
- cells specialised for exchanging materials between the cell and its environment
two types: epithelial sheets and secretory glands
what do epithelial sheets do and what do secretory glands do
- epithelial sheets cover and line various parts of the body
- Glands are specialised for secreting and there are two types exocrine and endocrine
what is secretion
secretion is the release from a cell in response to appropriate stimulation
what is the function of exocrine glands
secrete through ducts to the outside of the body
what is the function of endocrine glands
lack ducts and release their secretory products known as hormones internally into the blood
what does connective tissue do
connects, supports and anchors various body parts
for example tendons which attach skeletal muscles to bones
what are the four types of tissues known as
primary tissues
how many body systems are there
11
