Biochemistry 1 Class

Question 1

What is trans cellular water

Answer 1

Is a small specialised portion of extra cellular water that includes gastrointestinal secretions, urine, sweat and fluid that has leaked through the capillary walls because of increased hydrostatic pressure or inflammation

Question 2

What are the major electrolytes in the ECF

Answer 2

Na + And. K+

145mmol/L. 4mmol/L

Question 3

What are the major electrolytes in cells

Answer 3

K+ and phosphates such as HPO42-

Question 4

What does it mean by the hyperosmotic side

Answer 4

Higher solute concentration
Lower free h20 concentration

Question 5

What is meant by the hyposmotic side

Answer 5

Lower solute concentration
Higher free h20 concentration

Question 6

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution

Answer 6

Water moves out and cell shrinks

Question 7

What happens to a cell in hypotonic solution

Answer 7

Water moves in and the cell swells and eventually bursts

Question 8

What is ph and what the normal ranges of ph

Answer 8

Measures the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood

In the blood 7.35-7.45
ECF- 7.4

Question 9

What is a buffer

Answer 9

It resists change to ph

Question 10

What are the components of the bicarbonate buffer system

Answer 10

NaHCO3 regulated by the kidney
Carbonic acid - h2co3 regulated by the lungs
Co2 + h20 -> h2co3

Question 11

Explain the Henderson hasselbach equation

Answer 11

LOOK at image in photos
Ph is directly proportional to plasma bicarbonate concentration
Ph is inversely proportional to partial pressure of co2
6.1 is dissociation constant of carbonic acid
0.03 co2 solubility constant

Question 12

What is the function of the lungs and kidneys for acid and bases in our bodies

Answer 12

In lungs- our lungs regulate how much co2 is in our blood
In kidneys- maintain homeostasis through excretion of waste products

Question 13

Role of the lungs with co2

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide get excreted into the blood
Blood carries carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is exhaled
As carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood, the ph of the blood decreases (acidity increases)

Question 14

Explain what happens to the respiratory rate during acidosis

Answer 14

The RR increases- because blood co2 conc decreases and blood h2co3 decreases

you are trying to get rid of co2

Question 15

Explain what happens to the respiration rate during alkalosis

Answer 15

The RR decreases - because the body body is trying to retain CO2 in the body as there are fewer hydrogen ions

Question 16

What is the normal RR

Answer 16

16-18

Question 17

During acidosis and alkalosis what do you need to check

Answer 17

The range of Pco2 and HCOO3- conc

Question 18

What is the range of pco2 and HCO3- in acidosis

Answer 18

> 44mmHg (PCO2)
<20mEg/L (HCO3-) - this range will indicate metabolic acidosis
This range will indicate respiratory acidosis
Hypoventilation
And out of this range will indicate metabolic acidosis
Below 7.35

Question 19

What is the range for alkalosis

Answer 19

PCO2- <36mmHg this will be respiratory alkalosis
Ph >7.45
HCO3- >28mEg/L metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis and this indicates hyperventilation

Question 20

Why is water needed

Answer 20

Transport of molecules
Temperature regulation for example sweat is secreted and constant body temperature is maintained
Maintain a stable internal environment to enable stable metabolism

Question 21

What is in extracellular water

Answer 21

plasma and interstitial water ( the fluid in the tissue spaces,lying between cell)

Question 22

What is the normal range of PCO2

Answer 22

36-44