Physiology of Reproduction

Question 1

What is the name of the inner layer of the trophoblast?

Answer 1

cytotrophoblast

Question 2

What is the name of the outer layer of trophoblast (invades maternal sinusoids)?

Answer 2

syncytiotrophoblast

Question 3

Which trophoblastic cells produce HCG?

Answer 3

syncytiotrophoblast

Question 4

At what gestational age does HCG peak?

Answer 4

9-10 wks

Question 5

At what gestational age does HCG plateau?

Answer 5

20-22 wks.

Question 6

What hormone maintains the endometrium and the site of implantation in pregnancy?

Answer 6

progesterone

Question 7

What structure produces the progesterone to maintain the endometrium in the first 8-10 wks of preg?

Answer 7

corpus luteum

Question 8

What produces the progesterone to maintain pregnancy after 8-10 wks?

Answer 8

placenta

Question 9

What is the purpose of β-HCG production in preg?

Answer 9

maintain the corpus luteum

Question 10

A pregnant woman has insufficiency of the corpus luteum, what would be a Tx?

Answer 10

progesterone (vaginal suppository)

Question 11

How long would yo8u give vaginal suppositories of progesterone to a preg woman w/ corpus luteum insufficiency?

Answer 11

8-10 wks

Question 12

Give 2 reasons for unusually hi levels of β-hCG in preg.

Answer 12

mole, twins

Question 13

Give 2 reasons for unusually low levels of β-hCG in preg.

Answer 13

ectopy, miscarriage

Question 14

What is human placental lactogen (hPL)?

Answer 14

fetal growth hormone

Question 15

What 2 hormones have a similar sequence to hPL?

Answer 15

GH and prolactin

Question 16

What should happen to the levels of hPL throughout a normal preg?

Answer 16

rise continuously

Question 17

hPL antagonizes the effect of _______.

Answer 17

insulin

Question 18

What are 2 reasons for falling levels of hPL?

Answer 18

threatened abortion, IUGR

Question 19

What is the purpose of progesterone in early preg?

Answer 19

prepare endometrium for implantation

Question 20

What is the purpose of progesterone in late pregnancy?

Answer 20

stabilize the myometrium to prevent preterm labor

Question 21

What cells produce estradiol?

Answer 21

granulosa cells

Question 22

What cells produce estriol?

Answer 22

placental

Question 23

What cells produce estrone?

Answer 23

adipose tissue (from adrenal steroids)