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Reproduction > Physiology of Pregnancy > Flashcards

Physiology of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe how the CO changes in pregnancy?

A

Increases from 6 weeks on

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2
Q

In the first trimester what structures is responsible for producing progesterone?

A

Corpus luteum

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3
Q

When does the corpus luteum degenerate?

A

1st half of the second trimester

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4
Q

When does the placenta take over the production of pregnancy?

A

1st half of the second trimester

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5
Q

What happens to oestrogen levels during pregnancy?

A

Rise throughout the whole 9 months

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6
Q

What hormone causes growth of the ductile system of the breast?

A

Oestrogen

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7
Q

Which cells penetrate the endometrium during implantation?

A

Trophoblast

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8
Q

By what day does the blastocyst become buried in the uterine lining?

A

Day 12

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9
Q

Is the partial pressure of Carbon dioxide elevated or lowered in fetal blood?

A

Elevated

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10
Q

Is the fetal haemoglobin curve shifted to the right or left? What does this mean?

A

Left. It can bind oxygen at a much lower partial pressure

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11
Q

List three ways in which the oxygen supply to the fetus is facilitated?

A

Fetal Hb - higher affinity for Oxygen
Higher Hb concentration in fetal blood
Bohr effect (Fetal Hb can carry more oxygen in low pC02 than in high pC02

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12
Q

How does water diffuse across the placenta?

A

Osmosis

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13
Q

How does glucose get into the fetus?

A

Simplified transport

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14
Q

What is the initial action of HCG?

A

Prevents breakdown of the corpus lutem

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15
Q

What does HCS do and when is it produced?

A

From week 5
Growth hormone like effects
Decreases insulin sensitivity in the mother

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16
Q

What hormone is responsible for the development of decidual cells?

A

Progesterone

17
Q

What hormone is responsible for relaxation of the ligaments?

A

Oestrogen

18
Q

What hormone is responsible for enlargement of the uterus?

A

Oestrogen

19
Q

What happens to the CO in pregnancy?

A

Increases week 6 to week 24
Decreases in last 8 weeks due to vena cava compression
Increases 30% during labour

20
Q

What happens to HR in pregnancy?

A

Increases

21
Q

What happens to blood pressure in the second trimester?

A

Drops due to expansion of the uteroplacental circulation and decreased peripheral resistance

22
Q

Describe what happens to the plasma volume in pregnancy?

A

Increases

23
Q

What happens to erythropoiesis during pregnancy?

A

Increases

24
Q

What happens to haemaglobin levels during pregnancy?

A

Decrease due to dilution

25
Q

Give two reasons why lung function changes during pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

Effect of enlarging terus

26
Q

What does progesterone do during pregnancy that effects the respiratory system?

A

Increases the CO2 sensitivity in the respiratory centres (causes a lowering of CO2 levels)

27
Q

How does the respiratory system change in pregnancy?

A

RR increases
Tidal and minute volume increases
PC02 decreases
Vital capacity and P02 stay the same.

28
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume of air displaced in one breath

29
Q

What is minute volume?

A

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled per minute

30
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume

31
Q

What happens to GFR in pregnancy?

A

Increases

32
Q

What happens to renal plasma flow in pregnancy?

A

Increases

33
Q

Which hormone causes development of the lobular alveolar system?

A

Progesterone

34
Q

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

A

Prolactin

35
Q

Which hormone is responsible for contraction of smooth muscle causing the milk let down reflex?

A

Oxytocin

36
Q

Which hormone causes increased oxytocin receptors on the uterus?

A

Oestrogen

Reproduction (40 decks)

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