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Reproduction > Microbiology of genital tract infections > Flashcards

Microbiology of genital tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of bacteria predominate in the healthy vagina?

A

Lactobacillus spp

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2
Q

What is the function of lactobacillus spp in the healthy vagina?

A

To produce lactic acid +/- hydrogen peroxide to suppress the growth of other bacteria

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3
Q

A 24 year old patient presents with and intensly itchy vagina and a white discharge. What is the diagnosis?

A

Vaginal thrush

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4
Q

A 24 year old patient presents with and intensly itchy vagina and a white discharge. What organism most commonly causes this presentation?

A

Candida albicans

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5
Q

List the 4 organisms that are part of the vaginal flora?

A

Lactobacillus
Strep viridans
Group B haemolytic strep
Candida spp

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6
Q

A 24 year old patient presents with and intensly itchy vagina and a white discharge. What is the diagnostic test?

A

High vaginal swab for culture

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7
Q

A 24 year old patient presents with and intensly itchy vagina and a white discharge. What treatment would you prescribe?

A

Topical clotrimazole

Oral fluconazole

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8
Q

A patient presents complaining of a fishy smell coming from her vagina and a thin watery discharge. What is the diagnosis?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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9
Q

A patient presents complaining of a fishy smell coming from her vagina and a thin watery discharge. What treatment would you prescribe?

A

Oral metronidazole

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10
Q

A patient presents complaining of a fishy smell coming from her vagina and a thin watery discharge. What are you looking for on culture in the lab?

A

Clue cells

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11
Q

What are “clue cells” that are seen in bacterial vaginosis?

A

vaginal epithelial cells that have bacteria adherent to their surfaces

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12
Q

A 22 year old male presents with pain and frequency of micturation. He also has some lower abdominal pain and on examination his prostate is tender.

A

Acute bacterial prostatitis

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13
Q

What are the common causitive organisms in acute bacterial prosatitis?

A

Same as UTI (E coli and other coliforms) but also need to check for STI

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14
Q

A 22 year old male presents with pain and frequency of micturation. He also has some lower abdominal pain and on examination his prostate is tender. What is the diagnosis test?

A

MSSU for culture and sensitivity.

First pass urine for chlamydia and gonorrhoea

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15
Q

How do you get acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

Rare complication of a UTI or STI

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16
Q

What is the empirical treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

Ciprofloxacin fro 28 days

17
Q

What is the causative bacteria is syphillis?

A

Treponema pallidum

18
Q

What does chlamydia trachomatic does stain with a gram stain?

A

No peptidoglycan in its cell wall

19
Q

What is the treatment for uncomplicated chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin 1g oral dose

20
Q

What kind of bacteria is neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Negative diplococcus

21
Q

A sexually active male returns from holiday with a purulent discharge from his penis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Gonorrhoea

22
Q

A sexually active male returns from holiday with a purulent discharge from his penis. What test would you do to look for STIs?

A

Combined nucleic acid amplification tests or PCR (looks for gonorrhoea and chlamydia)
Done from first pass urine sample

23
Q

What kind of swab do you take in a female patient suspected of having chlamydia?

A

HVS or vulvo vaginal swap which can be self taken.

24
Q

A sexually active male returns from holiday with a purulent discharge from his penis. What is the treatment?

A

Gonorrhoeae

IM ceftriaxone + oral azithromycin

25
Q

What screening tests is done to look for syphillis?

A

Combined IgG and IgM ELISA

26
Q

What are the diagnostic tests used in syphillis?

A

TPPA (trepoma pellidum particle agglutination assay)

This is specific for syphillis but will remain positive for life even once patient has been successfully treated.

27
Q

What does it mean there is a positive IgM ELISA test for syphillis?

A

Recent, untreated infection

28
Q

You suspect someone as having syphillis but the combined IgG and IgM ELISA is negative. What does the result go out as? Do you need more tests?

A

No more tests needed. Result goes out as negative.

29
Q

You suspect someone of having syphillis and the combined IgG and IgM ELISA test is positive. What do you do next?

A

Further tests to confirm whether this is an active infection or not.
- IgM ELISA
- TPPA (active infection)
VDRL

30
Q

Which two tests will remain positive for life in someone who has had syphillis, even after successful treatment?

A

IgG, TPPA

31
Q

Which two tests become negative after treatment for syphillis?

A

IgM

VDRL

Reproduction (40 decks)

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