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Reproduction > Pathology of the Uterus > Flashcards

Pathology of the Uterus Flashcards

1
Q

What should the endometrial thickness be in a premenopausal women?

A

16mm or less

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2
Q

What should the endometrial thickness be in a post menopausal woman?

A

4mm or less

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3
Q

What are the two options for getting a uterine biopsy?

A

Endometrial pipelle biopsy

Dilatation and Curretage

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4
Q

What 5 things are important to include on an endometrial biopsy sample?

A 
Age
Date of LMP and length of cycle
Pattern of bleeding
Hormones
Recent pregnancy
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5
Q

What is the most common cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Anovulatory cycles

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6
Q

When are anovulatory cycles most common?

A

Either end of reproductive life

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of endometritis?

A

Infection

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8
Q

A 37 year old women presents with lower abdominal pain, fever and abnormal bleeding. On histology you see an abnormal pattern on inflammatory cells in the endometrium.

A

Acute endometritis (most commonly due to infection)

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9
Q

When is the most common time for endometrial polyps to occur?

A

Around and after menopause

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10
Q

How many days does the corpus luteum continue to secrete progesterone for in the absence of pregnancy?

A

14 days

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11
Q

What type of tumour is a fibroid?

A

Benign smooth muscle tumour

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12
Q

What hormone are fibroids dependent on?

A

Oestrogen

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13
Q

A condition where endometrial glands and stroma extend into the myometrium causing painful periods.

A

Adenomyosis

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14
Q

When is red degeneration of a fibroid most likely to occur?

A

During pregnancy

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15
Q

A patient who is known to have fibroids presents with abdominal pain at 9 weeks pregnant. What might have happened?

A

Red degeneration of the fibroid

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16
Q

What is the name given to fibroids that are located within the wall of the uterus? (they are the most common type)

A

Intramural

17
Q

What is the name given to fibroids that are located underneath the peritoneal surface of the uterus (they can become very large or grow in a papillary manner to become pedunculated)

A

Subserosal

18
Q

What is the term used to describe a pedunculated fibroid that detached from the uterus?

A

Parasitic leiomyoma

19
Q

What is the name given to fibroids that are located just under the lining of the uterine cacity and can distort the uterine cavity; meaning even small lesions may lead to infertility?

A

Submucosal

20
Q

What is the name given to fibroids that are located in the wall of the cervix?

A

Cervical fibroids

21
Q

What type of symptoms do you usually get with subserosal fibroids and why?

A

Pressure symptoms and pelvic pain. This is because these tumours can continue to grow outward and increase in size to put pressure on the surrounding organs

22
Q

Which type of fibroid most commonly presents with pressure symptoms?

A

Subserosal

23
Q

What type of hydatiform mole is caused by a single sperm combining with an egg that has lost its DNA?

A

Complete

24
Q

What type of hydatiform mole is caused by two sperms?

A

Partial mole

25
Q

Which type of hydatiform moles have a higher risk of developing into a choriocarcinoma?

A

Complete

26
Q

What type of tissue is choriocarcinoma a tumour of?

A

Trophoblast

27
Q

What is the pathological finding of hydatiform moles?

A

Swollen chorionic villi

28
Q

What is endometritis?

A

Inflammation of the endometrium that is not part of the usual endometrial cycle

29
Q

What disease is characterised by plasma cells in the endometrium?

A

Chronic endometritis

30
Q

What might cause granulomas to be found in the endometrium?

A

Chronic endometritis caused by TB, sarcoidosis or fungal infection

31
Q

Where are the most common sites of endometriosis?

A

Ovaries
Pouch of Douglas
Posterior Pelvic Peritoneum

32
Q

In which disease do you see chocolate cysts on the ovary?

A

Endometriosis

33
Q

What causes the sub fertility associated with endometriosis?

A

The inflammation associated with endometriosis leads to the formation of adhesions which may lead to secondary abnormalities of the fallopian tubes.

34
Q

Are the chorionic villi formed from the fetus or the mother?

A

Fetus

Reproduction (40 decks)

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