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Menopause Flashcards

1
Q

When can menopause be diagnosed?

A

When it has been a year since menstruation

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2
Q

What is the average age of the menopause?

A

52

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3
Q

Levels of which hormone peak around the menopause?

A

FSH

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4
Q

On who would you want to do an FSH level test on to confirm menopause?

A

Women undergoing menopausal symptoms below 45

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5
Q

What do the FSH levels have to be to officially diagnose menopause?

A

Over 30 on 2 separate occasions

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6
Q

What type of oestrogen is higher in premenopausal women?

A

Oestradiol

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7
Q

What type of oestrogen is higher in postmenopausal women?

A

Oestrone

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8
Q

Which type of oestrogen is more biologically active; oestrone or oestradiol?

A

Oestradiol

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9
Q

Which type of oestrogen is produced peripherally by conversion of androgens in adipose tissue?

A

Oestrone

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10
Q

How is oestradiol produced?

A

Ovaries

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11
Q

How is oestrone produced?

A

By conversion of androgens in adipose tissue

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12
Q

What are the acute symptoms of the menopause?

A 
Hot Flushes
Night sweats
Reduced libido
Headache
Fatigue
Low mood
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13
Q

Who is eligible for oestrogen only HRT?

A

Women who have had a total hysterectomy

Women who have a mirena coil (for 4 years)

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14
Q

How long should you use sequential HRT for?

A

Maximum of 5 years. Should switch to continuous after 2 years

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15
Q

Who should get sequential combined HRT?

A

Peri menopausal women with a uterus

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16
Q

Describe how sequential HRT works

A

Oestrogen taken every day fro 28 days. Progesterone taken for the last 10 - 14 days of this.

17
Q

Describe how continuous combined HRT works

A

Oestrogen combined with progesterone taken for 28 days

18
Q

When should continuous combined HRT start?

A

Shouldn’t be started until 1 year after the LMP or aged 54

Or after 2 years of sequential therapy if under 54

19
Q

A women on HRT is still suffering from loss of libido. What might help?

A

Testosterone (patch/implant)

20
Q

What is used for women with vaginal dryness and vulval irritation who do not want oral HRT?

A

Local oestrogen gels/creams

21
Q

What is tibolone?

A

A synthetic steroid drug with estrogenic, progestogenic and weak androgenic actions. used to relieve menopausal symptoms (particularly vasomotor)

22
Q

What non oestrogen drugs are used to relive menopausal symptoms?

A

Clonidine
SSRIs
SNRIs
Gabapentin

23
Q

Which type of HRT has the highest risk of breast cancer?

A

Combined

24
Q

What preparation of HRT would you give to a women at higher risk of VTE and why?

A

Transdermal patch (bypasses the liver)

Reproduction (40 decks)

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