Physiology- neuromuscular junction and motor units Flashcards by Jenna Dymond

Q

what is the highest level of intergration?

a. spinal cord
b. subcortical
c. cortical

A

c.corticial

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Q

homeostasis and reflex actions are found at which level of intergration?

a. cortical
b. subcortical
c. spinal cord

A

c.spinal cord

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Q

reproduction is found at which level of intergration?

a. cortical
b. subcortical
c. spinal cord

A

b.subcortical

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Q

science philosophy and art are found at which level of intergration?

a. cortical
b. subcortical
c. spinal cord

A

a.cortical

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Q

lateral subcortical pathways and the lateral cerebellum represents which level of intergration?

a. cortical
b. subcortical
c. spinal cord

A

a.cortical

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Q

medial and ventral subcorticall pathways and the lateral cerebellum represents which level of intergration?

a. cortical
b. subcortical
c. spinal cord

A

b.subcortical

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Q

what is the function of choline acetyltransferase?

a. break down choline
c. combine acetyl coA and choline to make acetyl choline
d. break down acetyl coA
e. break down acetyl choline

A

c.combine acetyl coA and choline to make acetyl choline

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Q

what is lost at the neuromuscular junction?

a. boutons
b. myelin sheath
c. schwann cells

A

b.myeli sheath

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Q

where do boutons terminate?

a. motor end plate
b. spinal cord
c. neuromuscular junction

A

a.motor end plate

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Q

what type of receptors are found on the post synaptic membrane?

a. muscarinic Ach
b. nicotinic Ach
c. muscarinic adrenergic
d. nicotinic adrenergic

A

b. nicotinic Ach

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Q

which of these is the correct series of events when Ach binds to a post synaptic nicotinic Ach receptor?

a. sodium channels close, calcium and potassium channels open
b. sodium channels and potassium channeles open, calcium channels close
c. sodium , calcium and potassium channels open
d. sodium, calcium and potassium close

A

c.sodium , calcium and potassium channels open

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Q

cations

A

positively charged

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Q

anions

A

negatively charged

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Q

what does the minature end plate potential refer to?

a.quantal release of Ach at rest = 0.5mV

B.quantal release of sodium at rest = 0.5mv

C. quantal release of calcium at rest = 0.5 mV

A

a.quantal release of Ach at rest = 0.5mV

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Q

What type of channels are present at the T tubules?

a. potassium
b. acetyl gated sodium channels
c. voltage gated calcium channels

A

d.voltage gated calcium channels

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Q

which receptors that release calcium are found on the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

a. nicotinic
b. ryanodine
c. muscarinic

A

b.ryanodine

Q

due to the action of acetylcholine esterase how long does Ach persist in the synapse for?

a. milliseconds
b. microseconds
c. seconds

A

a.milliseconds

Q

how does botox cause flaccid paralysis?

a. alter Ach binding
b. change activity of Ach esterase
c. reduce Ach release
d. increase Ach release

A

c.reduce Ach release

Q

what type of drug is pancuronium?

a. non compettive antagonist of nicotinic Ach receptors
b. competieve antagonist of nicotinic Ach receptors
c. competive agonist of nicotinic Ach receptors
d. non competeive agonist of nicotinic Ach receptors

A

b . competive antagonist of Ach receptors

Q

what is the mechanism of treatment of myasthenia gravis?

a. alter Ach binding
b. change activity of Ach esterase
c. reduce Ach release
d. increase Ach release

A

b.change activity of Ach esterase

increased Ach at synapse

Q

vomiting, diarrhoea, bronchoconstriction, brachycardia, spasms and paralysis are symptoms of excess of what substance?

a. adrenaline
c. acetylcholine
d. sodium
e. acetylcholine esterase

A

c.acetylcholine

Q

patient suffering muscle weakness. diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune condition. in this condition santibodies are produced against which structures?

a. muscarinic ach receptors
b. nicotinic ach receptors
c. ryanodine receptors
d. voltage gated sodium channels

A

b.nicotinic ach receptors

Q

which of these statements is correct for myasthenia gravis?

a. unchanged ach quantaties, too few receptors
b. too little ach, normal amount of receptors
c. too little ach, too few receptors

A

a. unchanged Ach quantities , too few receptors

Q

In Eaton Lambert syndrome anybodies are produced against which structure?

a. ryanodine receptors
b. calcium channels in the nerve terminal
c. sodium channels
d. nicotinic ach receptors

A

b.calcium channels in the nerve terminal

which best describes the effect of eaton lambert syndrome? .a.production of an end plate potential too small to cause AP b. insufficient release of Ach

b.insufficient release of Ach

what is the motor unit? a. one motor neuron and all the fibres it innervates b. one fibre and all the motor neurons innervating it c. the number of fibres needed to be activated for a muscle to contract

a.one motor neuron and all the fibres it innervates

a small motor unit ratio would be found in what type of muscle? a. large muscle b. muscles with fine control c. small muscles d. muscles with little control

b.muscles with fine control