Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK 1 > Infection - bone infection > Flashcards

Infection - bone infection Flashcards

1
Q

infection spread to bone from other parts of body via blood stream then colonising and infecting blood marrow. what type of spread is this?

a. haemotogenous
b. contiguous

A

a.haemotogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TB causing lung infection, neisseria gonorrhoea causing uretheral infection , staph aureus from venous catheter spread to bone via which type of spread?

a. haemotogenous
b. contiguous

A

a.haemotogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is contiguous spread?

a. by blood
b. directly to bone by superficial skin lesion
c. from bone to other bone
d. from bone to soft tissue

A

b.directly to the bone by superficial skin lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

trauma or chronic ulceration of the skin lead to bone infection via which type of spread?

a. haemotogenous
b. contiguous

A

b.contiguous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a typical presentation of acute osteomyelitis in children ?

a. infectionn at epiphyeseal growth plates following contiguous spread
b. infection at epiphyseal growth plate following heamotogenous spread
c. infection at diaphysis following haematogenous spread
d. infection at diaphysis following contiguous spread

A

b. infection at epiphyseal growth plate following heamotogenous spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who is chronic osteomyelitis most prevalent in?

a. patients with ischamia / limb neuropathy especially lower limbs with diabetes
b. elderly patients with hypertension
c. patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes

A

a, patients with limb neuropathy/ischameia in lower limbs due to diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

patient with diabetes leading to lower limb ischaemia and neuropathy. diagnosed with osteomyelitis. which type most likely?

a. acute
b. chronic

A

b. chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which of these is a risk factor for chronic osteomyelitis ?

a. hypertension
b. marfans
c. diabetes
d. elderly

A

c.diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

patient has pain localised at bone, fever, swelling, redness and tenderness what is likely diagnosis?

a. osteoperosis
b. osteromyelitis
c. isteosarcoma

A

b.osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which of these is not a sign of osteomyelitis?

a. swelling
b. pain
c. fever
d. redness and tenderness
e. easy fractures

A

e.easy fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is chronic osteomyelitis most commonly found?

a. foot
b. arm
c. back
d. chest

A

a.foot (diabetic ulcers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is chronic osteomyelitis increased in diabetics?

a. more bacteria present
b. neuropathy in lower limb means they can’t feel pain of inflammation
c. bones weaker

A

b. neuropathy in lower limb means they can’t feel pain of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the gold standard to diagnose bone infection?

a. bone biopsy
b. blood culture

A

a. bone biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of spread is associated with acute osteomyelitis ?

a. haemotogenous
b. contiguous

A

a. haemotogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of spread is associated with chronic osteomyelitis ?

a. haemotogenous
b. contiguous

A

b.contiguous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

blood culture taken from patient with suspected osteomyelitis .which bacteria most likely responsible for causing bone infection?

a. stretococcus progenies
b. neisseria gonorrhoea
c. staph aureus
d. TB

A

c.staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

in which type of osteomyelitis is staph aureus more likely the cause?

a. acute
b. chronic

A

a.acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

patient with skin and soft tissue infection which bacteria most likely seen on culture?

aa. stretococcus pyogenes
b. neisseria gonorrhoea
c. staph aureus
d. TB

A

a. strep pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

patient has Potts disease. this is associated with which bacterial infecting the vertebral bodies?

a. stretococcus progenies
b. neisseria gonorrhoea
c. staph aureus
d. TB

A

d.TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which bacteria most likely found on culture of chronic osteomyelitis ?

a. stretococcus progenies
b. neisseria gonorrhoea
c. staph aureus
d. TB

A

c.staph aureus

but greater variety due to polymicrobial colonisation of ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is septic arthritis spread?

a. contiguous
b. haemotogenous

A

b.haematogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which pathogen most common in septic arthritis

a. stretococcus progenies
b. neisseria gonorrhoea
c. staph aureus
d. TB

A

c. staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

patient with metastatic joint infection which pathogen most likely on culture?

a. stretococcus progenies
b. neisseria gonorrhoea
c. staph aureus
d. TB

A

b. neisseria gonorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what type of bacteria is salmonella?

a. aerobic gram negative
b. anaerobic gram negative
c. aerobic gram positive
d. anaerobic gram positive

A

a. aerobic gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

baby with septic arthritis which pathogen most likely responsible?

a. stretococcus progenies
b. neisseria gonorrhoea
c. staph aureus
d. TB
e. salmonella

A

e.salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

osteomyelitis often coexists with what other condition?

a. osteoporosis
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. septic arthritis
d. salmonella

A

c.septic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

patient has discitis (infection of intervertebral disc) this is associated with osteomyelitis in which bones?

a. associated ribs
b. adjacent vertebral bodies
c. lumbar bodies

A

b.adjacent vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

patient with arthritis. tests show organisms present in the joint space. which type of arthritis is most likely?

a. rhumatoid
b. septic
c. reactive

A

b.septic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

patient has infection, this leads to associated arthritis.tests show non organisms in the joint spaces of bones affected. how would this be classified?

a. rheumatoid
b. septic
c. reactive

A

c.reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what type of arthritis is reactive arthritis?

a. infective
b. inflammatory

A

b.inflammatory

associated with immune reponse to infection at other site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

patient has reactive arthritis following GI infection which bacteria most likely seen on culture?

a. c diff
b. staph aureus
c. campylobacter
d. e coli

A

c.campylobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

patient has reactive arthritis and slapped cheek syndrome following glandular fever which organism most likely caused this?

a. c diff
b. staph aureus
c. campylobacter
d. e coli
e. epstein barr

A

e.epstein barr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

patient has reactive arthritis following sexually transmitted infection which bacteria most likely seen on culture?

a. c diff
b. staph aureus
c. campylobacter
d. e coli
e. chlamydia

A

e.chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

patient has osteomyelitis following prosthetic knee replacement. how would this infection be classified?

a. SSSI
m. clean contaminated
c. DSSI
d. clean

A

c.DSSI

36
Q

patient has rely onset osteomyelitis following prosthetic knee replacement what bacteria most likely present?

a. c diff
b. staph aureus
c. campylobacter
d. e coli

A

b. staph aureus

37
Q

patient has late onset prosthetic joint infection. which bacteria most likely seen on culture?

a. c diff
b. staph aureus
c. campylobacter
d. e coli
e. staph epidermis

A

e. staph epidermis

b. staph aureus

38
Q

first stage of approaching the treatment osteomyelitis

a. consider if acute or chronic
b. likely organisms involved
c. is there. primary source of infection that has spread haemotogenously

A

b.likely organisms involves and pathophysiology

39
Q

patient has dead bone sequestrum following osteomyelitis. what best describes the pathophysiology of this?

a. bone dissolving
b. pieces of dead bone detaching
c. bone being unable to regenerate

A

pieces of dead bone detaching

acts like foreign body providing four of infection

40
Q

first consideration of treatment for osteomyelitis

a. removal of de vitalised tissue/foreign bodies
b. aspirating infected fluid collection
c. long course of antibiotics
d. high dose antibiotics via IV

A

a.a.removal of de vitalised tissue/foreign bodies

41
Q

how are antibiotics prescribed for osteomyelitis?

a. short course, high dose
b. long course, high dose
c. long course, low dose
d. short course, low dose

A

b.long course high dose

42
Q

why is healing following debridement impaired in patients with peripheral vascular disease/ diabetes?

a. less oxygen reaching bones and antibiotics not reaching therapeutic window at site
b. less nutrients reaching bones
c. more bacteria present due to ulcers
d. lack of control of motor fibres makes it hard to immobilise area

A

a.less oxygen reaching bones and antibiotics not reaching therapeutic window at site

43
Q

patient with diabetic foot infection then followed by chronic osteomyelitis what would eb the ,most likely management cosideration?

a. antibiotics
b. pain killers
c. debridement

A

c.debridement

44
Q

patient with diabetic foot infection and osteomyelitis referred for amputation. what is the most likely amputation?

a. toes
b. foot
c. lower leg
d. whole leg
e. upper leg

A

a. toes

45
Q

why is a long dose of antibiotics given in osteomyelitis?

a. to make sure antibiotic penetrates bone
b. slow pace of osteoblast and osteoclast activity
c. slow pace of osteoblast and osteocyte activity

A

b. slow pace of osteoblast and osteoclast activity

46
Q

why is it important t use targeted rather than empirical antibiotics when treating osteomyelitis?

a. resistance
b. venous access and side effect risk
c. limited resources for such a long course

A

b.venous access and side effect risk

47
Q

what must be done prior to treatment of chronic osteomyelitis

a. empirical given
b. risk assessment
c. sample taken for culture

A

c.sample taken for culture

48
Q

which one of these is not an approach to treatment of osteomyelitis?

a. suppressive
b. curative
c. surgical
d. reconstructive

A

d. reconstructive

49
Q

patient with osteomyelitis has multiple comorbidities and no symptoms due to neuropathy. surgery and antibiotics are high risk what treatment pathway would be most appropriate?

a. surpressive
b. surgical
c. antibiotics

A

a.surpressive

50
Q

what is the aim of surpressive treatment?

a. reduce symtoms
b. treta infection
c. prevent deterioration or spread

A

c.prevent detonation or spread

51
Q

what is given in surpressive treatment?

a. long course high dose antibiotics IV
a. long course high dose oral
c. short course low dose oral
d. long course oral antibiotics

A

d.long course oral antibiotics

52
Q

for surpressive treatment which antibiotic is most appropriate ?

a. amxicillin
b. doxycycline
c. vancomycin
d. flucloxacillin

A

b.doxycycline

53
Q

most common treatment for septic arthritis?

a. antibiotic treatment
b. drainage of infected fluid from joint space then antibiotics
c. surgery

A

b.drainage of infected fluid from joint space then antibiotics

54
Q

approx duration of antibiotics for septic arthiritis?

a. 4 weeks
b. 6 weeks
d. lifelong

A

a. 4 weeks

55
Q

approx duration of antibiotics for septic arthiritis if osteomyelitis in adajacent bone?

a. 4 weeks
b. 6 weeks
d. lifelong

A

b.6 weeks

56
Q

what is a two stage revision surgery

A

remove prosthetic
give antibiotic containing granules into space for 6 weeks
IV antibiotics given at same time
remove granules and replace joint

57
Q

what type of antibiotic is ceftriaxone ?

a. penicillin
b. cephalosporin

A

b.cephalosporin

58
Q

beta lactic drug with a 6 membered ring adjacent to the beta lactam ring

a. peniciilin
b. amoxicillin
c. flucloxacillin
d. ceftriaxone

A

d.ceftriaxone

59
Q

what generation of cephalosporin is ceftriaxone classified as?

a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth

A

c.third

60
Q

what differs between generations of cephalosporin?

a. side chains
b. beta lactam ring
c. shape

A

a.side chains

61
Q

patient with past history of non life threatening allergy to penicillin is ceftriaxone appropriate for use?

a. yes
b. no

A

a.yes

62
Q

how ais ceftriaxone given?

a. IV
b. orally
c. IM
d. topical

A

a.IV

63
Q

what is the correct dosage for ceftriaxone given IV

a. 1-2 x daily
b. 4x daily
c. 3x daily
d. 6x daily

A

a.1-2 x daily

64
Q

patient with osteomyelitis. culture shows saphylococci (a gram positive). what antibiotic most appropriate?

a. penicillin
b. ceftriaxone
c. doxyxycline
d. co amoxiclav

A

b.ceftriaxone

65
Q

patient with osteomyelitis. culture shows streptococci (a gram positive). what antibiotic most appropriate?

a. penicillin
b. ceftriaxone
c. doxyxycline
d. co amoxiclav

A

b.ceftriaxone

66
Q

first line treatment for suspected bacterial meningitis in adults?

a. flucloxacillin
b. doxycycline
c. co amoxiclav
d. ceftriaxone

A

d.cefttriaxone

67
Q

strep pneumonia, haemophilus influenzae and neis. meningitis are the triad of common causes for what bacterial infection?

a. meningitis
c. salmonella
d. chlamydia
e. pneumonia

A

a.meningitis

68
Q

principle adverse effect of ceftriaxone?

a.nausea
b.headaches
c,diarrhoea
d.confusion

A

c.diarrhoea

69
Q

ceftriaxone use limited to what two purposes ?

A

OPAT and bacterial meningitis

70
Q

what is the normal dose for ceftriaxone?

a. 10g 12 hourly
b. 1g 12 hourly
c. 2g 12 hourly

A

b.1g 12 hourly

71
Q

what type of antibiotic is doxycycline?

a. cephalosporin
b. tetracycline
c. penicillin
d. beta lactam

A

b.tetracycline

72
Q

mechanism of action of doxycycline

a. act on cell wall
b. inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by acting on ribosomes
c. insert into cell membrane stooping transport of peptidoglycan out of cytoplasm

A

b. inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by acting on ribosomes

73
Q

how is doxycline administered?

a. IV
b. IM
c. orally

A

c.orally

74
Q

patient with stained teeth due to antibiotics. what antibiotic has this adverse effect?

a. doxycycline
b. ceftriaxone
c. co amoxiclav
d. vancomycin

A

a.doxycycline

75
Q

what metal ions does doxycycline attract?

a. Mg Na
b. Mg Ca
c. Na K
d. Fe Mg

A

b. Mg Ca

76
Q

patient on drugs containing calcium which antibiotic should be avoided?

a. ceftriaxone
b. doxycycline
c. flucloxacillin

A

b.doxycycline

77
Q

pregnancy, under 14 yrs and breast-feeding are contraindications for which antibiotic?

a. doxycycline
b. amoxicillin
c. ceftriaxone

A

a.doxycyline

78
Q

patient taking antibiotic for osteomyelitis has experienced photosensitivity and presents with a rash. which antibiotic is this linked to?

a. ceftriaxone
b. doxycycline
c. vancomycin

A

b.doxycycline

79
Q

antibiotic active against MRSA, strep pneumonia and staph aureus

a. ceftriaxone
b. doxycline

A

b.doxycycline

80
Q

penicillin allergic patient with resp tract infection. culture shows MRSA. what antibiotic should be given?

a. flucloxacillin
b. doxyxycline
c. ceftriaxone

A

b.doxyxycline

81
Q

which antibiotic used as a suppressive treatment?

a. doxyxycline
b. ceftriaxone
c. vancomycin

A

a.doxycycline

82
Q

following 6 weeks IV antibiotic to cure osteomyelitis which antibiotic would be given for 6 weeks orally?

a. amoxicillin
b. co amoxiclav
c. ceftriaxone
d. doxycycline

A

d.doxycycline

83
Q

What is OPAT?

A

out patient parenteral antibiotic therapy

84
Q

what would be considered if the sole reason patient is in hospital is to receive IV antibiotics?

a. oral antibiotics
c. surgery
d. OPAT

A

d.OPAT

85
Q

risk of infection by which bacteria is decreased by OPAT?

a. staph aureus
b. c diff
c. strep pneumonia
d. e coli

A

b.c diff

86
Q

what drug is used most often in OPAT?

a. doxycycline
b. ceftriaxone
c. flucloxacillin

A

b.ceftriaxone

MSK 1 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions