Anatomy - Ossification And Joints Flashcards
A patient with a broken thumb has damage in the area of the growth plate. In this are ossification occurs what best describes this process ?
A. The replacement of connective tissue by bone
B . The replacement of bone with calcium
C. The growth of bones to adult size
A.the replacement of connective tissue by bone
During the formation of bone tissue osteoblasts produce osteoid what are the components of osteoid and the role ?
A. GAG gel, osteocytes
B.GAG gel , calcium
C.type 1 collagen, calcium
D.type 1 collagen, GAG gel
D. Type 1 collagen and GAG gel the gel contains glycoproteins which binds ca 2+
In bone formation osteoblasts release matrix vesicles containing an enzyme which increases local ca2+ conc what enzyme is this ?
A.COX
B.akaline phosphotase
C.calcium ohosphotase
D. ACE
B. Alkaline phosphotase
A child presents with rickets (osteomalacia in adults) a lack of what mineral in the bones causes this ?
A. VIT A B. VIT c D. Calcium E. Iron F. Sodium
D.calcium
A patient presents with curved bones of the legs and is diagnosed with osteomalacia what factors influence the levels of ca2+ in the body available for mineralisation ?
A.diet, malabsorption from small intestine disease
B.diet, smoking
C. Stomach inflammation, diet, malabsorption from small intestine dies ease
A. Diet eg vegan and malabsorption from small intestine disease
Osteoporosis refers to porous bone formed when resorbtion of bone exceeds renewal what is the biggest risk factor for osteoporosis?
A.female
B.age
C. Diet
D.genetics
A.female
A foetus shows malformation of flat bones eg the cranium. Which type of ossification is responsible for formation of such bones ?
A.calcified
B.intramembranous
C. Endochondral
B. Intramembranous
In stage 1 of intramembranous ossification osteoprogenitor cells differentiate to form osteoblasts what do these osteoblasts form before laying down osteoid ? A. Bone C. Ossification centre D.island of bone E.bony collar
C.ossification centre
In what stage of intramembranous ossification does mineralisation of osteoid occur and what does this produce ?
A.3 bony collar
B.2 bony collar
C.1 ossification centre
D.2 island of bone
D stage 2 , island of bone
Trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes
In stage 3 of ossification islands of bone join with blood vessels woven between which structures prior to the mesenchyne cells condensing to form the bony collar ?
A. Ossification centre
B.tubercules
C.trabeculae
C.trabeculae
A foetus is found to have a lack of red marrow developed in trabecular spaces and a lack of plates of compact of bone. Which stage of intramembranous ossification is likely to be hindered ?
- Stage 1
- Stage 3
- Stage 4
- Stage 4
Which type of ossification begins at month 2 of foetal development ?
A.intramembranous
B.endochondral
B.endochondral
A foetus has underformed humerus and femur (long bones). Issues with What type of osssification is likely to be indicated ?
A.endochondral
B.intramembranous
A.endochondral
Which type of ossification involves the basis of a hyaline cartilage template ?
Endochondral
An issue with endochondral ossification in a foetus means there is a lack of epiphysis in the bones what does this refer to ?
A. The shaft B. Club shaped ends C. Tubercules 4 . Attachment points E. Hyaline cartilage
B.club shaped ends
In what stage of endochondral ossification do cartilage matrix cells die to leave cavities followed by periosteum producing osteoblasts which then carry out intramembranous ossification to produce a bony collar ?
A.stage 2
B.stage 1
C. Stage 4
D. 3rd phase
B. Stage 1
In stage 2 of endochondral ossification what is responsible for the increase in diaphysis diameter ?
A.intramembranous ossification
B. Trabeculae formation
C. Bony deposition outside and resorption inside
D.resporption outside and bony deposition inside
E. Chondroyte action
C.bony deposition outside and resorption inside
What is the role of Chondrocytes in stage 2 of endochondral ossification ?
A.resorption
B. Multiplication to increase length
C.division to increase length
D. Release alakaline phosphotase
B. Multiplication to increase length
In stage 3 of endochondral ossification blood vessels penetrate the diaphysis carrying cells with them from the periosteum that transform to osteoblasts and set up a primary ossification centre to lay down bone replacing the lost cartilage in the centre. What cells are responsible for this ? A.osteocytes B. Osteoclasts C.osteoblasts D. Osteoprogenitor
D.osteoprogenitor
At what point of development does stage 5 in which capillaries penetrate the epiphyses of the bone occur ?
A.10weeks
B.at birth
C. 4 years
B. At birth
What best describes stage 4 of endochondral ossification ?
A.blood vessels carry osteoprogenitor cells to diaphysis and primary ossification centre is formed
B. Diaphysis diameter increased by deposition and chodrocytes increase length
C.capillaries penetrate epiphyses, osteoprogenitor cells differentiate to osteoblasts to produce osteoid, medullary cavity formed
C.capillaries penetrate epiphyses, osteoprogenitor cells differentiate to osteoblasts to produce osteoid, medullary cavity formed
At which point of endochondral ossification is a secondary ossification centre formed ?
A. Primary
B.stage 4
C.secondary
D. Stage 2
B. Stage 4
At which point of the bone does post natal bone growth occur ?
A.diaphysis
B.medullary centre
C.ossification centre
D. Epiphyseal plate
D.epiphyseal plate
What are the 5 zones of the epiphyseal plate in descending order ?
A.proliferation zone, resting zone, hypertrophic zone, calcification zone, ossification zone
B.ossification zone, calcification zone, hypertrophic zone, proliferating zone, resting zone
C.resting zone, proliferating zone, hypertrophic zone, calcification zone, ossification zone
C.resting zone, proliferating zone, hypertrophic zone, calcification zone, ossification zone
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