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Cardiovascular Lectures > Physiology: Cardiac Cycle + Coronary Circulation > Flashcards

Physiology: Cardiac Cycle + Coronary Circulation Flashcards

1
Q
  • Is the following change in the pressure-volume loop due to
    • increased contractility
    • increased afterload
    • or increased preload
A

increased preload

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2
Q

For the following valve, give the location, site of auscultation, and phase of the cardiac cycle when open

Pulmonic Valve

A
  • B/W RV and pulmonary trunk
  • Left 2nd intercostal at the the sternal border
  • Open during systole
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3
Q

What is occurring at points A through D, in relation to the heart valves?

A
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4
Q

How do papillary muscles work?

A
  • Contract when the ventricular walls contract.
  • They do not help the valves to close.
    • Instead, they pull the vanes of the valves inward toward the ventricles to prevent their bulging too far backward toward the atria during ventricular contraction.
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5
Q
  • Is the following change in the pressure-volume loop due to
    • increased contractility
    • increased afterload
    • or increased preload
A

increased contractility

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6
Q

What is happening between 4 and 1 on the figure?

A
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7
Q

What is happening between 1 and 2 on the figure?

A
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8
Q

What is happening between 2 and 3 on the figure?

A
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9
Q

Label what is happening to the heart chambers A through G

A
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10
Q
  • C​oronary blood flow per gram of tissue is about 10 times the whole-body average.
    1. How is this high blood flow maintained?
    2. Despite the high blood flow, the myocardium must extract 65%–75% of the O2 to meet its needs. What does this do to the blood O2 content?
A
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11
Q

Where do the first and second heart sounds occur on this figure?

A
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12
Q

For the following valve, give the location, site of auscultation, and phase of the cardiac cycle when open

​Aortic Valve

A
  • B/W LV and aorta
  • Right 2nd intercostal space at the sternal border
  • Systole
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13
Q

What is happening between 3 and 4 on the figure?

A
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14
Q

For the following valve, give the location, site of auscultation, and phase of the cardiac cycle when open

Tricuspid Valve

A
  • Between RA and RV
  • Left 5th intercostal space at the sternal border
    ​
  • Open during diastole
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15
Q

In the coronary circulation, what are the vasoactive metabolites and what are the mechanical effects of systole?

A
  • Vasoactive metabolites
    • Hypoxia
    • Adenosine
  • Mechanical effects of systole
    • Compresses the coronary circulation
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16
Q

Compare the myocardial capillary density to the skeletal muscle capillary density? How does this difference affect diffusion and nutrient/gas exchange?

A
17
Q

What heart sound does the following describe?

  • MV and tricuspid valve closure; the MV closes before the tricuspid, so this sound may be split (but usually not discernible)
A

The first heart sound

18
Q
  • Is the following change in the pressure-volume loop due to
    • increased contractility
    • increased afterload
    • or increased preload
A

increased afterload

19
Q

In the coronary circulation, what is the most important control mechanism and what is the least important control mechanism?

A
  • Most important:
    • Local metabolic control
  • Least important:
    • Sympathetic control
20
Q

For the following valve, give the location, site of auscultation, and phase of the cardiac cycle when open

Mitral Valve

A
  • Between LA and LV
  • Left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line
  • Open during diastole
21
Q
  • About __% of coronary blood flow occurs during diastole at basal heart rates, so coronary perfusion is driven chiefly by ______ BP, not ______ pressure.
A
  • About 80% of coronary blood flow occurs during diastole at basal heart rates, so coronary perfusion is driven chiefly by diastolic BP, not systolic pressure.
22
Q

Label A through D

A
23
Q

What heart sound does the following describe?

  • Aortic and pulmonary valve closure; the AoV (A2) closes before the pulmonic valve (P2)); inspiration causes increased physiological splitting of this sound.
A

Second heart sound

Cardiovascular Lectures (27 decks)

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