Pathology: Peripheral Vascular and Aortic Diseases Flashcards
What planes are disrupted in an aortic dissection?
What groups does this occur at higher rates?
What conditions are associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm?
What is the difference in true and false aneurysms?
What type of dissection is this?
Type B
DeBakey III
What is described?
Pressurized blood gains entry to the arterial wall through a surface defect and then pushes apart the underlying layers.
Arterial dissections
What is described here?
Primary Raynaud phenomenon
Label these
What type of dissection is this?
Type A
DeBakey I
What is the classic clinical symptom of aortic dissection?
What is the most common cause of death?
A
- In DVT of the legs, what is the most important risk factor?
What is this?
What is this?
- Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
- (“onion-skinning”) (arrow) causing luminal obliteration (periodic acid–Schiff stain).
- What is Lymphangitis?
- What is seen on the skin?
- What can result from it?
When would the rupture of dilated lymphatics occur?
What can it lead to?
What is Raynaud Phenomenon?
What are the clinical manifestations of an AAA?
Describe what secondary lymphedema is and what can cause it
Relate pulmonary embolism and DVT
What is this?
What are the differences in Type A and Type B dissections for Tx and PT outcome?
What is described here?
Secondary Raynaud phenomenon
What is Milroy disease and how does it relate to edema?
What are the factors related to aneurysm/dissection pathogenesis?
What type of Arteriosclerosis is associated with malignant HTN?
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
What type of dissection is this?
Type A
DeBakey II
Describe how size relates to AAA rupture risk
- What accounts for > 90% of cases of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis - venous thrombosis accompanied by inflammation? What other sites of thrombi can cause this?
- What can cause portal vein thrombosis?
What is shown in A and B?
What is Mönckeberg medial sclerosis?
How can the following cause an aneurysm or dissection to form?
Excessive connective tissue degradation
- What is Prinzmetal angina?
- What can occur if it lasts 20-30 minutes?
- What can it do vessels and how?
- What weird ass cardiac condition can result from it?
What is this?
What are the two variants of Arteriosclerosis?
What are the pathological outcomes of varicose veins?
Describe the general differences in walls between veins and arteries
What kind of aneurysm is described?
Circumferential dilations up to 20 cm in diameter; these most commonly involve the aortic arch, the abdominal aorta, or the iliac arteries.
Fusiform aneurysms
What is shown?
- Cross-section of aortic media from a patient with Marfan syndrome, showing marked elastin fragmentation and areas devoid of elastin that resembles cystic spaces (asterisks).
- What location in aortic dissection is associated with the most complications?
- What are the classifications of aortic dissection?
What structure narrows and causes an aortic dissection?
What condition(s) are associated with aortic dissection?
- What are the most important predisposing conditions for aortic aneurysms?
- What kind of aneurysms are they associated with?
What can chronic edema lead to?
What is cystic medial degeneration?
***Changes related to factors that cause aneurysms/dissections***
What is shown?
Raynaud Phenomenon
How can the following cause an aneurysm or dissection to form?
Inadequate or abnormal connective tissue synthesis
What is Trousseau syndrome?
- Venous thrombi also can result from the elaboration of procoagulant factors from cancers; the resulting hypercoagulable state can manifest as thromboses in different vascular beds at different times, so-called “migratory thrombophlebitis” or “Trousseau syndrome.”
C
How can the following cause an aneurysm or dissection to form?
Loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or change in the SMC synthetic phenotype
Describe the signs/symptoms of DVT in the legs
What kind of aneurysm is described?
Discrete outpouchings ranging from 5 to 20 cm in diameter, often with a contained thrombus.
Saccular aneurysms
What is this?
- Hyaline arteriolosclerosis.
- The arteriolar wall is thickened with the deposition of amorphous proteinaceous material (hyalinized), and the lumen is markedly narrowed.
What is shown here?
Normal media for comparison, showing the regular layered pattern of elastic tissue
Describe the measurements/locations associated with aortic dissection.
What kind of rupture results in massive hemorrhage or cardiac tamponade?
Concerning Varicose Veins of the Extremities
- What exactly are they?
- What part of the body do they normally affect?
- Who gets it more often, and why?
- What are the clinical manifestations of it?
- Where do AAA’s occur?
- What is present in a majority of cases?
Describe the general process of how an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm develops
