Physiology and Health Unit 2 KA 8 Flashcards
Blood glucose levels and Obesity
What is Homeostatis?
Homeostatis is the control of the internal environment in the body
Why is Homeostatis important?
Homeostatis is important so that body cells can function properly
What three things does Homeostatis control?
1) Water concentration in the blood
2) Body temperature
3) Glucose concentration in the blood
What does the Pancreas monitor?
The pancreas monitors the concentration of glucose in the blood
What happens in the pancreas when blood glucose increases?
When blood glucose increases the pancreas releases insulin
What does Insulin do?
Insulin travels to the liver and activates the conversion of glucose to glycogen
What happens in the pancreas when blood glucose decreases?
When blood glucose decreases the pancreas releases glucagon
What does Glucagon do?
Glucagon travels to the liver and activates the conversion of glycogen to glucose
What does the hormone Adrenaline do to glucose levels?
Adrenaline increases glucose concentration in the blood
Where is Adrenaline released from?
Adrenaline is released from adrenal glands
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a condition whereby sufferers are unable to control their blood glucose levels
When is Type 1 diabetes usually diagnosed?
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood/early teens
When is Type 2 diabetes usually diagnosed?
Type 2 diabetes is usally diagnosed in adulthood
In Type 1 diabetes, pancreatic cells are ____ to produce insulin
(Fill in blank)
In Type 1 diabetes, pancreatic cells are unable to produce insulin
In Type 2 diabetes, pancreatic cells are ____ to produce insulin
(Fill in blank)
In Type 2 diabetes, pancreatic cells are able to produce insulin
Why are sufferers of Type 2 diabetes unable to convert glucose to glycogen?
Sufferers of Type 2 diabetes are unable to convert glucose to glycogen as thier target cells are less sensitive to insulin
How is Type 1 diabetes treated? (2)
1) Regular insulin injections
2) Careful diet
How is Type 2 diabetes treated?
1) Exercise
2) Controlled diet
3) Weight loss
What can increase the likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes?
Being overweight can increase the likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes
How is Diabetes tested for?
Diabetes is tested for by testing urine for glucose
Describe the steps of the Glucose tolerance test (4)
1) Fasting
2) Measure blood glucose levels
3) Drink a known glucose solution
4) Measure glucose concentration for at least 2 hours
What does chronic elevation of blood glucose lead to?
Chronic elevation of blood glucose leads to endothelium cells taking in more glucose than normal, this damages blood vessels and may lead to athersclerosis
What can Athersclerosis lead to?
1) Heart disease
2) Stroke
3) Peripheral vascular disease
What may blood vessels damaged by elevated glucose levels result in?
Blood vessels damaged by elevated glucose levels may result in haemorrhage of blood vessels in retina, renal failure or peripheral nerve dysfunction
What BMI score indicates obesity?
A BMI score greater than 30 indicates obesity
What does BMI not take into account?
BMI does not take muscle mass into account
What is the treatment for Obesity? (2)
1) Reducing energy intake
2) Increasing energy expenditure
