Physiology and Health Unit 2 KA 6

Question 1

What is the Heart made up of?

Answer 1

The heart is made up of cardiac muscle

Question 2

What are the four chambers of the Heart?

Answer 2

1) Right Atrium
2) Right Ventricle
3) Left Atrium
4) Left Ventricle

Question 3

Where does the Right ventricle pump blood?

Answer 3

The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs

Question 4

Where does the Left ventricle pump blood?

Answer 4

The left ventricle pumps blood to the whole body

Question 5

Which Ventricle has a thicker muscle?

Answer 5

The left ventricle has a thicker muscle because it pumps blood around the whole body

Question 6

What do the AV valves do?

(Atrio-ventricular)

Answer 6

The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria

Question 7

What do the SL valves do?

(Semi-lunar)

Answer 7

The SL valves prevent the backflow of blood at the entrance of the arteries leaving the heart back down into the ventricles

Question 8

When do the SL valves open?

Answer 8

The SL valves open during ventricular systole (contraction), allowing blood into the arteries

Question 9

When do the SL valves close?

Answer 9

The SL valves close when the muscle relaxes (diastole)

Question 10

What is Heart rate?

Answer 10

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats that occurs per minute

Question 11

What is Stroke volume?

Answer 11

Stroke volume is the volume of blood expelled by ventricles on contraction

(Stronger the contraction, greater the stroke volume)

Question 12

What is Cardiac Output?

Answer 12

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle per minute

Question 13

What is the equation to find CO?

(Cardiac output)

Answer 13

CO = Heart rate x stroke volume

Question 14

Diastole is ____
Systole is ____

(Fill in the blanks)

Answer 14

Diastole is relaxation
Systole is contraction

Question 15

What is stage 1/3 of the Cardiac cycle?

Answer 15

Stage 1 of Cardiac cycle -
Atrial and Ventricular diastole

(both chambers relaxed, filling with blood)

(AV valves open/SL valves closed)

Question 16

What is stage 2/3 of the Cardiac cycle?

Answer 16

Stage 2 of Cardiac cycle -
Atrial systole

(atria contract, remaining blood pushed into ventricles)

(AV valves open/SL valves closed)

Question 17

What is stage 3/3 of the Cardiac cycle?

Answer 17

Stage 3 of Cardiac cycle -
Ventricular systole

(ventricles contract and push blood out through arteries)

(AV valves closed/SL valves open)

Question 18

What is responsible for the heart sounds heard with a stethoscope?

Answer 18

The opening and closing of the AV and SL valves is responsible for the heart sounds heard with a stethoscope

Question 19

Where is the SAN (pacemaker) located in the heart?

(sino-atrial node)

Answer 19

The SAN (pacemaker) is located in the wall of the right atrium

Question 20

What does the SAN do?

Answer 20

The SAN sets the rate at which the cardiac muscle cells contract

Question 21

How does the SAN cause atrial systole?

Answer 21

The SAN causes Atrial systole by spreading impulses through the atria

Question 22

Wherabouts is the AVN located?

(Atrioventricular node)

Answer 22

The AVN is located in the centre of the heart

Question 23

Where do impulses travel after spreading from the SAN to the AVN?

Answer 23

Impulses travel from the SAN to the AVN and down the central wall of the heart, then up through the walls of the ventricles causing Ventricular systole

Question 24

How can impulses from the SAN be detected?

Answer 24

Impulses by the SAN can be detected by an electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 25

Where is the control centre in the brain which regulates the rate of the SAN?

Answer 25

The Medulla in the brain regulates the rate of the SAN

Question 26

How does the Medulla regulate the rate of the SAN?

Answer 26

The medulla regulates the rate of the SAN through the antagonistic action of the ANS