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Higher Biology > Human Cells Unit 1 KA 3 > Flashcards

Human Cells Unit 1 KA 3 Flashcards

Gene Expression

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1
Q

What is a Gene?

A

A gene is a section of DNA which codes for a protein

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2
Q

What is Gene expression?

A

Gene expression is the process where specific genes are activated to produce a required protein

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3
Q

How many Genes in a cell are actually expressed?

A

Only a fraction of the genes in a cell are actually expressed

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4
Q

What two stages make up the process of Gene expression?

A

1) Transcription
2) Translation

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5
Q

1

What is Transcription?

A

Transcription is the copying of DNA code into mRNA

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6
Q

Where does Transcription occur?

A

Transcription of DNA into mRNA happens in the nucleus

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7
Q

What are Introns?

A

Introns are non-coding regions of genes

They are REMOVED

(Introns arent in -> Out)

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8
Q

What are Exons?

A

Exons are coding regions of genes

Spliced together to form mature transcript

(Exons are excellent -> In)

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9
Q

Where are Introns found?

A

Introns are found between Exons

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10
Q

Why might Introns be spliced differently?

A

Introns may be spliced differently in different tissues

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11
Q

How can different proteins be expressed from one gene?

A

Different proteins can be expressed from one gene as a result of altrernative RNA splicing

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12
Q

How can different mature mRNA transcripts be produced from the same primary transcript?

A

Different mature mRNA transcripts can be produced from the same primary transcript depending on which exons are retained

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13
Q

Where does the mature transcript of mRNA move?

A

The mature transcript of mRNA moves from the nucleus to a ribosome

(Through the cytoplasm)

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14
Q

2

What is Translation?

A

Translation is when the code is used to make a protein using tRNA to carry amino acids

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15
Q

What chemical is involved in Gene expression?

A

The chemical RNA is involved in gene expression

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16
Q

The order of ____ on DNA determines the sequence of ____ ____ that are joined together to produce a ____

(Fill in the blanks)

A

The order of bases on DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that are joined together to produce a protein

17
Q

What does the sequence of Amino acids determine?

A

The sequence of amino acids determines the
structure, shape and function of the protein produced

18
Q

How many strands of nucleotides are in RNA?

A

There are one strand of nucleotides in RNA

(RNA is single stranded)

19
Q

What is the purpose of RNA?

A

The purpose of RNA is to provide a link between DNA and protein synthesis

20
Q

What does an RNA nucleotide contain? (3)

A

1) Ribose sugar
2) Phosphate
3) Base

21
Q

What four bases are found in an RNA nucleotide?

A

1) Adenine
2) Uracil
3) Cytosine
4) Guanine

22
Q

What does mRNA do?

(messenger RNA)

A

mRNA carries a copy of DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome

23
Q

Where is mRNA found?

A

mRNA is found the nucleus and the cytoplasm

24
Q

What is each triplet of bases on mRNA called?

A

Each triplet of bases on mRNA is called a codon

25
Q

What is a Codon made up of?

A

A codon is made up of introns and exons

(Exons spliced to form mature mRNA)

26
Q

What does each Codon do?

A

Each codon codes for a specific amino acid

27
Q

Where is mRNA translated into proteins? by what?

A

mRNA is translated into proteins by ribosmomes in the cytoplasm

28
Q

What does rRNA do?

(ribosomal RNA)

A

rRNA and proteins form a ribosome

29
Q

Where is rRNA found?

A

rRNA is found in the ribosome

30
Q

What does tRNA do?

(transfer RNA)

A

tRNA carries a specific amino acid

31
Q

Where is tRNA found?

A

tRNA is found in the cytoplasm

32
Q

Why is tRNA folded?

A

tRNA is folded due to complemetary base pairing

33
Q

What is each triplet of bases on tRNA called?

A

Each triplet of bases on tRNA is called an anti-codon

34
Q

What does each Anti-codon do?

A

Each anti-codon binds to a specifc mRNA codon

35
Q

Why does tRNA have attachment sites?

A

tRNA has attachment sites to pick up amino acids

36
Q

What is on the two ends of tRNA?

A

1) The anti-codon (binds to mRNA codon)
2) Attachment site (for specific amino acid)

37
Q

What is an mRNA codon complementary to?

A

An mRNA codon is complementary to the triplet of bases on the original DNA strand

38
Q

What is a tRNA anti-codon complementary to?

A

A tRNA anti-codon is complementary to a mRNA codom

39
Q

Where is RNA found?

A

RNA is found in the nucleus and the cytoplasm

(DNA is only found in the nucleus)

Higher Biology (24 decks)

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