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Renal SOH > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Podocytes - location

A

Make up the inner layer of the bowman capsule

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2
Q

Podocytes - definition

A

Feet like extensions which extend out from the cell body. These extensions wrap around the capillaries and form a barrier of the capillary wall

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3
Q

Podocytes - function

A

Act as a barrier of the capillary wall

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4
Q

Mesangial cells

A

Contractile cells which keep the glomerulus clean and keep it together physically
Provides support to capillaries

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5
Q

Vasa recta (peri-tubular capillaries)- definition

A

Loops of thin walled blood vessels that arise from the efferent arteriole
They look like hairpins as they descend from the cortex -> medulla

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6
Q

Vasa recta capillaries are freely permeable to salt and water. True or false?

A

True

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7
Q

Vasa recta - location

A

Run alongside the loop of henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons

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8
Q

GFR

A

The rate at which protein-free plasma is filtered from the glomeruli -> bowman capsule per unit time

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9
Q

What is the major determinant of GR?

A

Blood pressure

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10
Q

Extrinsic regulation of GFR

A

Baroreceptor reflex

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11
Q

Extrinsic control can over-ride intrinsic control. True or false?

A

True

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12
Q

Increased arterial blood pressure INCREASES/DECREASES the GFR

A

Increases (due to vasodilation)

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13
Q

Decreased arterial blood pressure INCREASES/DECREASES the GFR?

A

Decreases (due to vasoconstriction)

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14
Q

What is used clinically to measure plasma renal flow?

A

Para-amino hippuric acid (PAH)

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15
Q

ADH - function

A

Stimulates renal tubular cells to increase water reabsorption.
Changes expression of aquaporins at the distal tubule and collecting duct

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16
Q

What are aquaporins?

A

Water channels

17
Q

High ADH levels means LOTS/FEW aquaporin expression?

A

LOTS of

18
Q

Low ADH levels means LOTS/FEW aquaporin expression?

A

FEW

19
Q

ADH has influence over water AND salt reabsorption. True or False?

A

False

- water reabsorption only

20
Q

ADH role in the dehydrated state?

A

Dehydrated -> increased plasma osmolarity -> increased ADH secretion -> lots of aquaporins expressed -> distal tubule more permeable to water reabsorption

21
Q

In the dehydrated state, patients have a LARGE/SMALL volume of CONCENTRATED/DILUTE urine?

A

Small

Concentrated

22
Q

ADH role in the over hydrated state?

A

Decreased plasma osmolarity -> decreased ADH secretion -> no aquaporins expressed -> distal tubular cells are impermeable to water -> no water reabsorption

23
Q

In the over-hydrated state, patients have a LARGE/SMALL volume of CONCENTRATED/DILUTE urine?

A

Large

Dilute

24
Q

Nicotine STIMULATES/INHIBITS ADH release?

A

Stimulates

25
Q

Alcohol STIMULATES/INHIBITS ADH release?

A

Inhibits

26
Q

What is the overall function of aldosterone release?

A

To increase arterial BP

27
Q

Increased aldosterone means INCREASED/DECREASED Na reabsorption?

A

Increased

28
Q

Increased aldosterone means INCREASED/DECREASED K+ reabsorption

A

Decreased

- therefore, increased K+ secretion in the urine

29
Q

When is aldosterone secreted? (state 3 reasons)

A

When there is a rising plasma conc of K+
When there is a fall in Na+ plasma conc
When RAAS is activated

30
Q

What is Anti Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) ?

A

Peptide hormone produced by the heart and stored in atrial muscle cells

31
Q

When is ANP released?

A

When atrial muscle cells are stretched 9due to circulating plasma volume)

32
Q

ANP function?

A

Decrease plasma volume and lowers BP

33
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms involved in the process of bladder emptying?

A

Micturation reflex

Voluntary control

34
Q

Micturation reflex

A

Involuntary emptying of the bladder by simultaneous contraction and opening of both the internal and external urethral sphincters

35
Q

Voluntary control - urine excretion

A

Over-riding the micturition reflex through voluntary control until there is a convenient time and place to excrete urine
There is deliberate tightening of the external urethral sphincter and surrounding diaphragm

Renal SOH (25 decks)

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