Benign conditions Flashcards
How do most present?
As an incidental finding during imaging
Fibroma - location
Renal medulla
Fibroma - pathology
Small white nodules
Fibroma - management
Nothing
Adenoma - location
Renal cortex
Adenoma - pathology
Small yellow nodules
Angiolipoma - what kind of tumour is it ?
Mesenchymal tumour
- mixture of fat, muscle, blood vessels
Angiolipoma - definition
Hamartoma - benign malformation that resembles a neoplasm
Angiolipoma - associated conditions
Tuberous sclerosis
Angiolipoma - pathology
Normal components of the kidney but in a disproportionate ratio
Angiolipoma - investigations
CT scan
- low hounsfield count
Oncocytoma - definition
Benign renal tumour
May be mistaken for a malignant tumour
Oncocytoma - pathology
Mahogany in colour
Large cells with eosinophilic granular pink cytoplasm
Oncocytoma - definition
CT
- large lesion with central scan
Oncocytoma - management
Nephrectomy
- this is done as it often resembles a malignant tumour
Which benign tumour has a central scar?
Oncocytoma
BXO - definition
Balanitis xerotica obliterans
Benign penile tumour
BXO - clinical features
White patches where the foreskin usually contracts
Bleeding
Irreversible scarring
Fissuring
BXO - management
Circumcision
BXO - prognosis
May lead to SCC
BPH - definition
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Enlargement of the prostate gland
BPH and bladder sphincter
Disruption of the bladder sphincter mechanism by either physical obstruction or physiological interference
BPH increases the risk of developing prostate cancer. True or false?
False
BPH is commonly in the centre/periphery of the prostate gland?
Centre
- this can cause blockage of the prostatic urethra
BPH - who gets it?
Elderly males
BPH - cause
Hormone imbalance
- excess oestrogen
BPH - clinical features
Asymptomatic mainly Prostatism - difficulty starting micturition - poor stream - disturbance of urinary flow - overflow incontinence
BPH - clinical exam
PR exam
- smooth and rubbery
BPH - pathology
Changes in the central portion of the prostate gland
Bladder is hugely dilated
Histology looks like branching of a tree
BPH - investigations
Urinalysis
PSA
- if PSA +ve, need a trans-rectal biopsy
BPH - management
Alpha blockers
5-alpha reductase
Surgery - TURP/laser
BPH - name an example of an alpha blocker
Tamsulosin
BPH - name an example of a 5-alpha reductase
Finasteride
BPH - what do alpha blockers do?
Smooth muscle relaxant to allow for better flow effect
BPH - what do 5-alpha reductase do?
Shrink prostate
