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Boards Part 1 Practice questions > Physiology 2 > Flashcards

Physiology 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
The chemosensitive area of the Medulla oblongata is most sensitive to?
A.	Carbonic acid
B.	H ions
C.	Bicarbonate ions
D.	O2
A

B. H ions

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2
Q 
Where is the somatosensory area of the brain located?
A.	Parietal lobe
B.	Occipital lobe
C.	Frontal lobe
D.	Temporal lobe
A

A. Parietal lobe

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3
Q 
The plateau of the cardiac action is due to?
A.	Slow calcium channels
B.	Slow potassium channels
C.	Slow Na channels
D.	Fast Na channels
A

A. Slow calcium channels

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4
Q 
The absolute refractory period is responsible for which of the following?
A.	To prevent tetany
B.	To create a stronger action potential
C.	Has no function
D.	To prevent paralysis
A

A. To prevent tetany

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5
Q 
Which of the following binds with the alpha receptor on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction?
A.	Norepinephrine
B.	Dopamine
C.	Serotonin
D.	Acetylcholine
A

A. Norepinephrine

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6
Q 
Alkaloids are detected by which takes sensations?
A.	Sour
B.	Bitter 
C.	Sweet
D.	Salt
A

B. Bitter

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7
Q 
PCO2 pressure in the arterial blood is equivalent to?
A.	Atmospheric pressure
B.	Alveolus pressure
C.	Venous blood
D.	Pulmonary artery
A

B. Alveolus pressure

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8
Q 
Which of the following inhibitor presynaptic neurotransmitters is for primary pain fibers in the substantial gelatinosa?
A.	Dopamine
B.	Enkephalin
C.	Serotonin
D.	Oxytocin
A

B. Enkephalin

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9
Q 
The release of a hormone from the anterior pituitary will stimulate the release of?
A.	Esterol
B.	Thyroxine
C.	Insulin
D.	Prolactin
A

B. Thyroxine

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10
Q 
The release of which of the following hormones is necessary for ovulation to occur?
A.	Estrogen
B.	LH
C.	Progesterone
D.	Testosterone
A

B. LH

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11
Q 
With the head in the vertical position which of the following will detect static equilibrium?
A.	Utricle
B.	Cochlear duct
C.	Organ of corti
D.	Semicircular canals
A

A. Utricle

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12
Q

Which of the following is the function of the oval window?
A. Transmit vibration to the macula
B. Transmit vibration to the utricle
C. Transmit vibration to the scala vestibuli
D. Transmit vibration to the cordae tympani

A

C. Transmit vibration to the scala vestibuli

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13
Q 
During repolarization of an action potential which of the following will exit?
A.	Na
B.	Potassium
C.	Mg
D.	Chloride
A

B. Potassium

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14
Q 
How is glucose transported within the presence of a carrier protein channels?
A.	Facilitated diffusion
B.	Active transport
C.	Sodium co-transport
D.	Osmosis
A

A. Facilitated diffusion

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15
Q 
Which of the following enhances permeability to increase heart conduction?
A.	Gap junctions
B.	SA node
C.	AV node
D.	Purkinje fibers
A

A. Gap junctions

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16
Q 
In the male the feedback of LH is accomplished by which of the following?
A.	Oxytocin
B.	Testosterone
C.	FSH
D.	Estrogen
A

B. Testosterone

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17
Q 
Which neurotransmitter is released at the Postganglionic sympathetics?
A.	Norepinephrine
B.	Dopamine
C.	Enkephalins
D.	Acetylcholine
A

A. Norepinephrine

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18
Q 
Renal ultra-filtration occurs in what location of the kidney?
A.	Glomerular capillaries
B.	Renal collecting ducts
C.	Afferent arteriol
D.	Proximal tubule
A

A. Glomerular capillaries

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19
Q 
Loss of fluid in adults at ambient temperature of 70 degrees is by?
A.	Urination
B.	Respiration
C.	Defecation 
D.	Perspiration
A

A. Urination

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20
Q 
Which of the following increases gastric mobility?
A.	Secretin
B.	Cholecystokinin
C.	Gastrin
D.	Serotonin
A

C. Gastrin

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21
Q

Which of the following prevents gastric reflux?
A. Caving in of the esophagus
B. Physiological sphincter similar to the pylorus
C. Esophageal constriction
D. Stomach contraction

A

B. Physiological sphincter similar to the pylorus

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22
Q

Stimulation of gut smooth muscle by the sympathetic nervous system causes?
A. Hyperpolarization & decrease function
B. Increased positively of membrane potential
C. increase rate and amplitude out of peristalisis
D. decrease tonic contraction of gut sphincters

A

A. Hyperpolarization & decrease function

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23
Q 
Which of the following is not involved in smooth muscle contraction?
A.	Autonomic nervous system stimulation
B.	Hormonal secretion
C.	Stretch reflex
D.	Voluntary motor stimulation
A

D. Voluntary motor stimulation

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24
Q

The body’s primary response to rapid hemorrhage with blood loss is?
A. increase renin production of the JG cells
B. increase ADH
C. decrease baroreceptor,
D. increase baroreceptors

A

A. increase renin production of the JG cells

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25
Q 
Secretin causes release of?
A.	Bicarbonate
B.	Gastrin
C.	HCL
D.	Intrinsic factor
A

A. Bicarbonate

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26
Q 
Which of the following causes contraction of the gallbladder?
A.	Cholecystokinin
B.	Secretin
C.	Gastrin
D.	Estrogastrene
A

A. Cholecystokinin

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27
Q 
Thermostatic variation is recognized by which area of the CNS?
A.	Anterior hypothalamus
B.	Medial hypothalamus
C.	Lateral hypothalamus
D.	Posterior hypothalamus
A

A. Anterior hypothalamus

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28
Q 
In acidosis the kidney  \_\_  the secretion of \_\_
A.	Increases, bicarbonate
B.	Increases carbon dioxide
C.	Decreases bicarbonate
D.	Decreases carbon dioxide
A

A. Increases, bicarbonate

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29
Q 
In the kidney tubule what is converted to ammonia?
A.	Lysine
B.	Tyrosine
C.	Glycine
D.	Glutamine
A

D. Glutamine

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30
Q 
Which of the following is responsible to degeneration of the endometrium?
A.	Estrogen
B.	Prolactin
C.	Oxytocin
D.	Corpus luteum involution
A

D. Corpus luteum involution

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31
Q 
Destruction of what area results in the inability to formulate sentences?
A.	Broca’s area
B.	Wernickers area
C.	Prefrontal area
D.	Visual association cortex
A

A. Broca’s area

32
Q 
Lymphatic tissue is predominantly found in?
A.	Skin and gut
B.	Skin and liver
C.	Liver and gut
D.	Skin and skeletal muscle
A

A. Skin and gut

33
Q

Edema is caused by ___
A. increase plasma colloid osmotic pressure
B. increase Lymphatic pumping of skeletal muscle
C. decrease arteriole pressure
D. increase venous pressure

A

D. increase venous pressure

34
Q 
Proteins are absorbed across the lumen of the small intestine as?
A.	Peptides
B.	Dipeptides
C.	Polypeptides
D.	Amino acids
A

D. Amino acids

35
Q 
The action of Norepinephrine on none SA node is mediated by what type of transmembrane reaction?
A.	Ca
B.	Na
C.	Potassium
D.	Chloride
A

A. Ca

36
Q 
A wide, tall, bizarre QRS wave?
A.	Premature ventricular contraction
B.	Atrial fibrillation
C.	Myocardial infarction
D.	Ventricular tachycardia
A

A. Premature ventricular contraction

37
Q 
Which of the following immunoglobulins crosses the placenta?
A.	IgA
B.	IgG
C.	IgD
D.	IgM
A

B. IgG

38
Q 
Which of the following is responsible for contraction according to Starlings law?
A.	Blood pressure
B.	H ion
C.	Venous return
D.	Carbon dioxide
A

C. Venous return

39
Q 
Vasoconstriction of a Peripheral blood vessel is a characteristic of which nervous system?
A.	Somatic
B.	Sensory
C.	Sympathetic
D.	Parasympathetic
A

C. Sympathetic

40
Q 
Which of the following stimulates red blood cell production?
A.	Vitamin E.
B.	Vitamin C.
C.	Erythropoietin
D.	Fibrin
A

C. Erythropoietin

41
Q

Aldosterone has its greatest effect on?
A. increased sensation of chloride at the distal tubule
B. increased reabsorption of filtering it Na at the distal tubule
C. increased secretion of Na at the distal tubule

A

B. increased reabsorption of filtering it Na at the distal tubule

42
Q 
Testosterone is produced in secreted by?
A.	Epididymis
B.	Interstitial cells of leydig
C.	Seminipherous tube
D.	Seroni cells
A

B. Interstitial cells of leydig

43
Q 
Which of the following hormones is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels?
A.	Cortisol
B.	Insulin
C.	Glucagon
D.	Epinephrine
A

B. Insulin

44
Q 
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise from what part of the spinal cord?
A.	Anterior horn
B.	Posterior horn
C.	Substantia gelatinosa
D.	Intermediate
A

D. Intermediate

45
Q 
The autorhythmicity of the heart is controlled by?
A.	SA node
B.	AV node
C.	Bundle of his
D.	Purkinje fibers
A

A. SA node

46
Q

One hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
A. ADH
B. TSH
C. CRH

A

A. ADH

47
Q 
Which hormone is release during long-term stress?
A.	Dopamine
B.	Acetylcholine
C.	Cortisol
D.	Serotonin
A

C. Cortisol

48
Q 
Ca is released from which part of the muscle?
A.	Actin
B.	T. tubules
C.	Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D.	Troponin-tropomyosin complex
A

C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

49
Q 
The flow of urine after the minor calyx is into the?
A.	Major calyx
B.	Ureter
C.	Renal pelvis
D.	Renal sinus
A

A. Major calyx

50
Q 
Which of the following allows impulse of heart, and the heart to be functionally syncytium?
A.	Intercalated disc
B.	Actin
C.	Myosin
D.	Troponin
A

A. Intercalated disc

51
Q 
Sugars are absorbed in which of the following forms?
A.	Monosaccharides
B.	Polysaccharides
C.	Disaccharide’s
D.	Oligosaccharides
A

A. Monosaccharides

52
Q 
The majority of acetylcholine is removed from the sympathetic cleft by?
A.	Enzymatic degeneration
B.	Re-uptake
C.	Diffusion
D.	Phagocytosis
A

A. Enzymatic degeneration

53
Q

The movement of white blood cells in response to a concentration gradient is called?
A. Chemotaxis
B. Hemotaxis
C. Diapedesis

A

A. Chemotaxis

54
Q 
Principal site for fat digestion is?
A.	Stomach
B.	Duodenum 
C.	Ileum
D.	Jejunum
A

B. Duodenum

55
Q 
Ammonia is converted to urea by?
A.	Liver
B.	Kidney
C.	Muscle
D.	Spleen
A

B. Kidney

56
Q 
Ammonia is carried in bloodstream by?
A.	Urea
B.	Uric acid
C.	Glutamine
D.	Bile salts
A

C. Glutamine

57
Q

The major way by a which cholesterol is eliminated from the body is?
A. Feces
B. Bile
C. Urine

A

A. Feces

58
Q

The endocrine system:

a) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body
b) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs
c) produces effects that can last for hours, days, or even longer
d) can alter gene activity of cells
e) all of the above

A

e) all of the above

59
Q

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative EXCEPT:

a) epinephrine
b) melatonin
c) thyroxine (T4)
d) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
e) norepinephrine

A

d) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

60
Q

When adenyl cyclase is activated:

a) cAMP is formed
b) cAMP is broken
c) G-proteins bind to cAMP
d) steroid hormones enter the cell

A

a) cAMP is formed

61
Q

Which of the following hormones does NOT act by a second messenger system:

a) glucagon
b) epinephrine
c) growth hormone
d) testosterone
e) ACTH

A

d) testosterone

62
Q

This hypophyseal structure receives signals from the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal vein:

a) follicles
b) adenohypophysis
c) neurohypophysis
d) pars intermedia
e) supraoptic nucleus

A

b) adenohypophysis

63
Q

Low blood glucose level typically results in the secretion of all of the following EXCEPT:

a) glucagon
b) thyroxine (T4)
c) hGH
d) PTH
e) none of the above

A

d) PTH

64
Q

The action of glucocorticoids involves many functions, but only one of the following is a correct one:

a) increases inflammatory responses
b) decreases lipid hydrolysis (lipolysis)
c) increases glucose levels
d) retention of electrolytes by the kidneys
e) increases osteoclast activity

A

c) increases glucose levels

65
Q

This hormone acts on the intestines and causes increased calcium absorption:

a) calcitonin
b) calcitriol
c) thyroxine
d) pancreatic polypeptide
e) corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

A

b) calcitriol

66
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) causes all of the following EXCEPT:

a) activation of thyroid follicular cells
b) increased iodide trapping in thyroid follicles
c) increased thyroglobulin synthesis
d) increased release of T3/ T4
e) all of above are correct

A

e) all of above are correct

67
Q

The pancreatic cells that secrete insulin are the:

a) F-cells
b) principal cells
c) alpha cells
d) beta cells
e) delta cells

A

d) beta cells

68
Q

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is activated by the:

a) hypothalamus
b) adrenal gland
c) pituitary gland
d) thyroid gland
e) release of glucocorticoids

A

a) hypothalamus

69
Q

If you were to eat four sugar glaze doughnuts and a large pepsi, which hormone would you expect to be secreted at higher levels:

a) insulin
b) epinephrine
c) glucagon
d) cortisol
e) oxytocin

A

a) insulin

70
Q

Somatostatin is secreted by the:

a) pancreatic F-cells
b) pancreatic delta cells
c) zona fasciculata
d) parafollicular cells
e) posterior pituitary

A

b) pancreatic delta cells

71
Q

Hyposecretion of cortisol can cause:

a) cretinism
b) diabetes mellitus
c) diabetes insipidus
d) Addison’s disease
e) Grave’s disease

A

d) Addison’s disease

72
Q

A tumor in the adrenal zona glomerulosa can cause hypersecretion of hormones produced in that region. Which of the following might you expect to find in a patient with such a tumor:

a) increased blood sodium levels
b) increased blood glucose levels
c) decreased blood calcium levels
d) increased dehydration
e) increased ketoacidosis

A

a) increased blood sodium levels

73
Q

Oxytocin is secreted by the:

a) adenohypophysis
b) neurohypophysis
c) zona glomerulosa
d) pars intermedia
e) cervix

A

b) neurohypophysis

74
Q

A lack of or decrease in insulin hormone receptors on cells can result in:

a) diabetes insipidus
b) type I diabetes mellitus
c) type II diabetes mellitus
d) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
e) juvenile diabetes

A

c) type II diabetes mellitus

75
Q

Vasopressin is the same hormone as:

a) cortisol
b) epinephrine
c) ADH
d) hGH
e) oxytocin

A

c) ADH

76
Q

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS):

a) is a mechanism to maintain homeostasis under stress
b) resets the levels of controlled conditions in the body in response to stress
c) is a part of the sympathetic (fight or flight) response
d) reduces the amounts of stress your body encounters
e) none of the above

A

b) resets the levels of controlled conditions in the body in response to stress

77
Q

Which of the following characteristics is the same for the nervous and endocrine systems:

a) target cells affected
b) time to onset of actions
c) duration of actions
d) mechanism of signaling and communication
e) none of the above

A

e) none of the above

Boards Part 1 Practice questions (15 decks)

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