Pathology 1 Flashcards
1
Q
The atheromatous calcification of the aorta that occurs w/normal serum Ca level? A. Enzymatic fat necrosis B. Metastatic calcification C. Lipodydtrophy D. Dystrophic calcification
A
D. Dystrophic calcification
2
Q
Increased secretion from anterior pituitary following closure of the epiphyseal plates could produce? A. Acromegaly B. Pagets Dz. C. Gigantism D. Cretinism
A
A. Acromegaly
3
Q
A deficiency in which of the following trace elements results in tetany similar to that which accompanies hypocalcemia? A. Copper B. Zinc C. Magnesium D. Iron
A
C. Magnesium
4
Q
Who is the most infectious member of the family? A. Older people B. Pregnant females C. Middle aged males D. School age children
A
D. School age children
5
Q
Cor Pulmonale may be a complication of which of the following? A. Patent ductus arteriosus B. Kidney failure C. Emphysema D. Essential hypertension
A
C. Emphysema
6
Q
Which of the following conditions is characterized by T cell deficiency due to lack of development of 3 & 4 pharyngeal pouches, deficiency of heart great vessels, mouth, ears, & fauces? A. T-helper (-) B. B-cell (-) C. Improper clotting D. Wischott Aldrich
A
A. T-helper (-)
7
Q
What type of deficiency is delayed hypersensitive? A. Type 1 B. Type 2 C. Type 3 D. Type 4
A
D. Type 4
8
Q
Which of the following results from hyperparathyroidism? A. Osteopenia B. Increased weight loss C. Increased cortical sclerosing D. Increased metabolism
A
A. Osteopenia
9
Q
10. What type of collagen is found 1st or earliest? A. Type 1 B. Type 2 C. Type 3 D. Type 4
A
C. Type 3
10
Q
Who is most likely to have entrapment neuropathy of median nerve? A. Elderly males B. Athletic males C. Children D. Pregnant female
A
D. Pregnant female d/t water retention
11
Q
Intercranial calcification occurs M/C in? A. Oligiodendroglioma B. Medulloblastoma C. Astrocytoma D. Ependymoma
A
A. Oligiodendroglioma
12
Q
Cardiac tamponade is defined as? A. Aortic stenosis B. Fluid in pericardial space C. Excess fluid in capillaries D. Increased fluid in veins
A
B. Fluid in pericardial space
13
Q
Which of the following is a primary immunodefiency? A. Hashimotos thyroidits B. Myasthenia gravis C. Burtons agammoglobulinemia D. Aids
A
C. Burtons agammoglobulinemia
14
Q
Almost all pathological changes of systemic lupus erythematosus involve which of the following? A. Famma B. Increased cytotoxins C. Increased IgG D. Increased immune cells
A
D. Increased immune cells
15
Q
Which of the following is an autosomal gluco-cerebral Dz. w /hepatosplenomegaly? A. Lymes Dz. B. Kleinfelters Dz. C. Marfans D. Gauchers
A
D. Gauchers
16
Q
Which of the following is the most common degenerative Dz. of the joints? A. Osteoarthritis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Gouty arthritis D. Migratory polyarthritis
A
A. Osteoarthritis
17
Q
Which of the following is responsible for post infectious glomerulonephritis? A. Group D staphylococcus B. Staphylococcus streptococcus C. Staph. Aureus D. Beta hemolytic strep
A
D. Beta hemolytic strep
18
Q
Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following? A. Breast B. Lung C. Prostate D. Colon
A
C. Prostate 80% osteoblastic, 20% osteolytic
19
Q
Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm? A. Lipoma B. Sarcoma C. Carcinoma D. Lymphoma & melanoma
A
A. Lipoma
20
Q
Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction? A. Poison oak B. Incomplete blood transfusion C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Food allergy
A
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
21
Q
Serum sickness is an example of? A. Immune complex B. Delayed immunity C. Antibody antigen mediated complex D. T-cell mediated complex
A
A. Immune complex
22
Q
A deficiency of vit. C most often affects? A. Nerves B. Muscles C. Connective tissue D. Hemopoietic tissue
A
C. Connective tissue
23
Q
Wernecke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by chronic alcoholisim is due to deficiency of which of the following? A. B-6 B. B-3 C. C D. B-1
A
D. B-1
24
Q
Which of the following is characterized by lesion that has caseous necrosis in the center & surrounded by endothelial macrophages? A. Tuberculosis B. Fibrosis C. Anthracosis D. Silicosis
A
A. Tuberculosis
25
Q
Release of histamine into the skin following cutaneous trauma causes?
A. Extracellular fluid filled capillaries
B. Granulomatous Increase of mast cells
C. Vasoconstriction causes blanching
D. Vasodilatation of arterioles causing redness
A
D. Vasodilatation of arterioles causing redness
26
Q
Which of the following occurs in a keloid?
A. Response to wound healing
B. Hypertrophic enlargement of scar tissue
C. Early granulomatous Dz.
D. Benign tumor
A
B. Hypertrophic enlargement of scar tissue
27
Q
What is the M/C benign tumor of the spine? A. Hemangoma B. Osteoma C. Osteochondroma D. Enchondroma
A
A. Hemangoma
28
Q
What causes hoarseness associated with carcinoma in the apex of the lung? A. Metastasis of the speech area B. Increased sputum C. Esophageal atresia D. Laryngeal nerve damage
A
D. Laryngeal nerve damage
29
Q
Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation d/t tissue damage? A. Prostaglandin’s B. Histamine C. Leukotriene D. Thrombus
A
B. Histamine
30
Q
What is the result in the cell as a consequence of thyroid goiter? A. Hyperplasia B. Dysplasia C. Metaplasia D. Anaplasia
A
A. Hyperplasia Increased # of cells
31
Q
Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is M/C in patients under 40?
A. Graves Dz.
B. Struma ovarii
C. Iodine induced hyperthyroiditis
A
A. Graves Dz.
32
Q
Which of the following is characterized by recanalization? A. Thrombus B. Sinuses C. Aneurysm D. Fistulas
A
A. Thrombus restores flow
33
Q
Circulatory level of which cell increases in an acute inflammatory response caused by bacterial infection? A. Eosinophil B. Lymphocytic C. Neutrophils D. Basophils
A
C. Neutrophils
34
Q
Dz. W/ chronic rheumatoid arthritis & splenomegaly is characteristic of?
A. Marie Strumpells Dz. AKA: ankylosing spondolytis
B. Felly’s syndrome
A
B. Felly’s syndrome
35
Q
Which of the following affects the substantia nigra of basal ganglia & results in resting tremors? A. Alzheimer’s B. Huntington’s Dz. C. Parkinson Dz. D. Myasthenia Gravis
A
C. Parkinson Dz.
36
Q
Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which of the following vit. deficiencies? A. Vit. A B. Vit. B12 C. Vit. C D. Vit. D
A
B. Vit. B12 Pernicious anemia
37
Q
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for an infant who develops projectile vomiting within the 1st 3 weeks of life? A. Pyloric stenosis B. Achalasia C. Merkels Diverticulitis D. Zenker’s diverticulitis
A
A. Pyloric stenosis
38
Q
The neoplasam found in AIDS’s patients is? A. Karposi sarcoma B. Non-hodgkins lymphoma C. Wilms tumor D. Melanoma
A
A. Karposi sarcoma Best choice
B. Non-hodgkins lymphoma 2nd choice
39
Q
Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue? A. Sequestrum B. Involucrum C. Cloaca D. Limbus
A
B. Involucrum
40
Q
Patients w /asbestosis are predisposed to? A. Embolism B. Tuberculosis C. Mesothelioma D. Aspergilliasis
A
C. Mesothelioma
41
Q
A periosteal reaction described radiological as a sunburst Rx. Is M/C in A. Fibrosarcoma B. Osteoblastoma C. Osteosarcoma D. Giant cell
A
C. Osteosarcoma
42
Q
Which of the following is a degenerative Dz. that affects the cranial nerve nuclei? A. Wilson’s Dz B. Progressive bulbar palsy C. Alzheimer’s D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
A
B. Progressive bulbar palsy characterized by loss of eye movement.
43
Q
The Philadelphia chromosome is a risk factor for which leukemia? A. Acute lymphocytic B. Acute myelocytic C. Chronic lymphocytic D. Chronic myelocytic
A
D. Chronic myelocytic
44
Q
Dilation of the inner mammary & subscapular arteries hypertension & weakness of the upper limbs w/ decreased lower limb pulse occurs in which of the following? A. Twisting of the aorta B. Coarctation of the aorta C. Aortic insufficiency D. Patent ductus arteriosus
A
B. Coarctation of the aorta
45
Q
The substrate of a fully differentiated cell type to another is known as? A. Anaplasia B. Dysplasia C. Metaplasia D. Hyperplasia
A
C. Metaplasia
46
Q
Which cell is increased in viral infections? A. Lymphocytes B. Neutrophils C. Monocytes D. Eosinophils
A
A. Lymphocytes
47
Q
Which of the following conditions is characterized by congenital absence or parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent constipation & dilation of the colon? A. Horners syndrome B. Hirschsprungs Dz C. Merekel’s diverticulum D. Chagase’s Dz.
A
B. Hirschsprungs Dz
48
Q
Which of the following is pseudohypertrophic M/C in? A. Myasthenia gravis B. Duchenne’s dystrophy C. Myotonic dystrophy D. Beckers dystrophy
A
B. Duchenne’s dystrophy Calf muscles M fatal by 20yo
49
Q
Fatty liver, edema, & atrophy of the small bowel are characteristic in which of the following? A. Kwashiorkor B. Marasmus C. Riboflavin deficiency D. Pellagra
A
A. Kwashiorkor protein deficiency
50
Q
Pannus formation is characterized in the pathogensis of? A. Rheumatic Fever B. Gout C. Osteoarthritis D. Rheumatoid arthritis
A
D. Rheumatoid arthritis
51
Q
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of a 45X Karyotype? A. Turner’s syndrome B. Down's syndrome C. Edwards syndrome D. Kleinfelter’s syndrome
A
A. Turner’s syndrome
52
Q
Cretinism is caused by? A. Hyperthyrodism B. Hypothyrodism C. Goiter D. Hyperparathyrodism
A
B. Hypothyrodism
53
Q
Acromegaly & gigantism result from an increase in which of the following? A. Histamine B. Somatotropin C. Parathormone D. TSH
A
B. Somatotropin
54
Q
Subacute panencephalitis is a rare sequel to? A. Herpes simplex B. Chicken pox C. Mumps D. Measles
A
D. Measles
55
Q
When there is degeneration of the lateral cells which of the following is affected A. Autonomic function B. Vibration sense C. Motor skill D. Temperature sensation
A
A. Autonomic function
56
Q
Chronic passive congestion of the liver is typically seen in which of the following conditions? A. Right heart failure B. Myocardial infarction C. Hypertension D. Left heart failure
A
A. Right heart failure
57
Q
A starry sky appearance of lymphoid tissue is characteristic of which lymphoma? A. Hodgkin’s B. Burkett’s C. Non-hodgkins D. ALL
A
B. Burkett’s
58
Q
Which of the following causes hypoxia w/out ischemia? A. Thrombosis B. Arterial compression C. Anemia D. Embolism
A
C. Anemia
59
Q
Patchy consolidation of the lung is characteristic of? A. Bronchitis B. Emphysema C. Bronchial asthma D. Bronchopneumonia
A
D. Bronchopneumonia
60
Q
Loss of braking skills, the lack of ability to stop forward movement of the hand when reaching for something results from blockage of? A. Cerebellum B. Medulla C. Cortex D. Brainstem
A
A. Cerebellum
61
Q
The disease most likely to cause secondary orohitis in a post puberty male is? A. Measles B. Mumps C. German measles D. Chicken pox
A
B. Mumps
62
Q
Giant cell arteritis primarily affects the? A. Muscular arteries B. Temporal A. C. Abdominal A. D. Occipital A.
A
B. Temporal A.
63
Q
The genetic defect of the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in the liver results in? A. Mental retardation B. decreased prothrombin time C. agammaglobulinemia D. increased SGPT
A
A. Mental retardation
64
Q
Which of the following tumors is comprised of 3 germ cell layers? A. Sarcoma B. Myloma C. Teratoma D. Lipoma
A
C. Teratoma
65
Q
Which of the following conditions is characterized by calcification of the temporal artery?
A. Atherosclerosis
B. Arteriosclerosis
C. Giant cell arteritis
A
C. Giant cell arteritis
66
Q
What is the mechanism by which the herpes stays in the body long after the infection?
A. Compromise lymphocytes
B. Sequestering of the virus genome in the sensory neuron (CNV).
C. Replicates in spleen & liver
A
B. Sequestering of the virus genome in the sensory neuron (CNV).
67
Q
Hyperglycemia, obesity, & osteopenia char. of? A. Hyperaldosteronism B. Hypercortisolism C. Hyperparathyroidism D. Diabetes mellitis
A
B. Hypercortisolism
68
Q
A patient presents w/headaches & a hard pulseless temporal artery which of the following is most likely the cause?
A. Giant cell arteritis
B. Transient ischemic attack
A
A. Giant cell arteritis
69
Q
A young male from central Africa has a rapidly expanding mass in the area of the jaw ? A. Keratocanthoma B. melanoma C. squamous cell carcinoma D. Burketts lymphoma
A
D. Burketts lymphoma
70
Q
A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates in the? A. Upper extremity B. Lower extremity C. Kidney D. Brain
A
B. Lower extremity
71
Q
Where would the initial symptoms of myasthenia gravis be observed A. Extraocular B. Calf C. Thigh D. Arms
A
A. Extraocular
72
Q
Pitting edema is typically caused by which of the following ? A. Nexyedema B. Hyperthyrodism C. Congestive heart failure D. Cirrosis of liver
A
C. Congestive heart failure
73
Q
Which of the following conditions is probably present if upon palpation the median groove of the prostate cannot be palpated? A. Prostatitis B. Benign prostatic hypertrophy C. Granulomatous prostate D. Prostate carcinoma
A
D. Prostate carcinoma
74
Q
Which of the following produces exudative lesions caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis & contains caseous? A. Ashcoff dodies B. Ghon lesion C. Brodies abcess D. Guanari bodies
A
B. Ghon lesion
75
Q
Tuberculosis of the spine is AKA for? A. Potts Dz. B. Lymes dz. C. Stills dz D. Ankylosing spondylitis
A
A. Potts Dz.
76
Q
Which type of Dz. Is ankylosing spondylitis? A. Degenerative B. Autoimmune C. Infectious D. Inflammatory
A
D. Inflammatory
77
Q
Pyknosis is characterized by nuclear? A. Dissecration B. Condensation C. Fragmentation D. Dissolution
A
B. Condensation
78
Q
Mask-like face, claw-like fingers, hypertension & fibrosis of the esophagus are characteristic of which of the following Dz.’s? A. Scleroderma B. Systemic lupus C. Raynauds Dz. D. Rheumatoid
A
A. Scleroderma
79
Q
What is a functional vasospastic disorder which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities? A. Thromeophlebus B. Raynaud’s Dz. C. Dyspenea D. Beurgers Dz
A
B. Raynaud’s Dz.
80
Q
Which of the following is not characteristic of Horner’s syndrome? (I don’t know if this is right) A. Dyspnea B. Nirosis C. Ptosis D. Enophthalmus
A
A. Dyspnea
81
Q
A small cystic projection from a joint capsule or tendon sheath usually on the wrist is called? A. Ganglion B. Epidermoid cyst C. Synovial sarcoma D. Nodule
A
A. Ganglion
82
Q
Hemorrhage in the reticular formation of the brain is a likely result in? A. Blindness B. aphasia C. anosmia D. Coma
A
D. Coma
83
Q
Which of the following is a localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from an immunologically induced necrotizing vasculitis? A. Type 3 hypersensitivity B. Tuberculin reaction C. Serum sickness D. Anaplasia
A
A. Type 3 hypersensitivity
84
Q
Mature cells of atypical size, shape, & organization are characteristic of? A. Anaplasia B. Dysplasia C. Metaplasia D. Cancer
A
B. Dysplasia
85
Q
Subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments, & cystic medial necrosis of the aorta are characteristic of which of the following? A. Alcaptonuria B. Marfan’s syndrome C. Systemic lupus D. Von recklinghausen syndrome
A
B. Marfan’s syndrome
86
Q
In most types of allergic injuries the immediate transient phase of vascular permeability is mediated by which of the following? A. Complement B. Histamine C. Anafavatoxin D. The Hoffman factor
A
B. Histamine
87
Q
Antibody synthesis is a primary function of? A. Monocytes B. Neutrophils C. Basophils D. Plasma cells
A
D. Plasma cells
88
Q
Epidural hemorrhage most likely results from laceration of which of the following arteries? A. Internal carotid B. Middle meningeal C. Middle cerebral D. Superficial temporal
A
B. Middle meningeal
89
Q
Synovial thickening & secondary inflammation w/edema but no pannus formation is seen in which of the following? A. Gouty arthritis B. RA C. TB arthritis D. Osteoarthritis
A
A. Gouty arthritis
90
Q
Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis? A. Enzymatic B. Caseous C. Liquidifaction D. Coagulation
A
D. Coagulation
91
Q
Which of the following causes localized edema and accompanies filariasis? A. increased hydrostatic pressure B.decreased osmotic pressure C.increased venous pressure D. Lymphatic obstruction
A
D. Lymphatic obstruction
92
Q
Which joints are affected in Heberden’s nodes? A. Interphalangeal B. Ankle C. Knee D. Intervertebrae
A
A. Interphalangeal
93
Q
Thrombosis & embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine? A. Inferior mesenteric artery B. Superior mesenteric artery C. Superior mesenteric vein D. Inferior mesenteric vein
A
B. Superior mesenteric artery
94
Q
Which of the following Dz. Produces symptoms due primarily to demyelinization of peripheral motor nerve axons? A. Multiple sclerosis B. Post-infectious polyradiculitis C. Myasthenia glairs D. Amyotrophic lateral schlerosis
A
B. Post-infectious polyradiculitis
95
Q
Which of the following conditions may lead to megaloblastic anemia? A. Atrophic gastric mucosa B. increased intrinsic factor C. Hypertrophic gastric mucosa D. decreased paneth cells
A
C. Hypertrophic gastric mucosa
96
Q
Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tonus, & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities & weakness of respiratory muscles characterizes which of the following deficiencies? A. Chloride B. K C. Magnesium D. Calcium
A
D. Calcium
97
Q
The most common malignant tumor of the large intestine is? A. Cancroid B. lymphoma C. Adenocarcinoma D. Squamous cell carcinoma
A
C. Adenocarcinoma
98
Q
Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which of the following organs? A. Skin B. Intestine C. Lung D. Heart
A
C. Lung
