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Boards Part 1 Practice questions > Anatomy 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle is described by all of the following EXCEPT:

 a) striated 
 b) voluntary 
 c) multinucleate 
 d) autorhythmic
A

d) autorhythmic

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2
Q

The walls of hollow organs and some blood vessels contain this muscle tissue:

 a) striated 
 b) skeletal 
 c) cardiac 
 d) smooth
A

d) smooth

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3
Q

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle tissue:

 a) is involuntary
 b) is non-striated 
 c) has intercalated discs
 d) contains smooth muscle tissue
A

c) has intercalated discs

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4
Q

Approximately what percentage of body heat is generated by muscle tissue:

 a) 15% 
 b) 30% 
 c) 55% 
 d) 85% 
 e) 98%
A

d) 85%

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5
Q

A muscle fascicle is a:

 a) bundle of myofibrils 
 b) bundle of connective tissue 
 c) bundle of muscle fibers 
 d) muscle cell
A

c) bundle of muscle fibers

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6
Q

The smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle is a:

 a) sarcomere 
 b) motor unit 
 c) synapse 
 d) thin filament
A

a) sarcomere

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7
Q

The major regulatory proteins in muscle tissue are:

 a) myosin and tropomyosin 
 b) myosin and actin 
 c) actin and troponin 
 d) troponin and tropomyosin
A

d) troponin and tropomyosin

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8
Q

Which of the following actions is caused by skeletal muscle:

 a) constriction of blood vessels 
 b) heartbeat 
 c) dilation of pupil     
 d) eye movements
A

d) eye movements

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9
Q

Which of the following does NOT occur in a muscle during contraction:

 a) thick and thin filaments bind to each other 
 b) muscle fibers stretch 
 c) thick and thin filaments "slide" past each other 
 d) muscle fibers shorten
A

b) muscle fibers stretch

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10
Q

This process aids in skeletal muscle relaxation after contraction:

 a) calcium is released from intracellular storage sites 
 b) motor neurons send electrical signal to muscle 
 c) acetylcholinesterease degrades acetylcholine 
 d) troponin binds calcium
A

c) acetylcholinesterease degrades acetylcholine

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11
Q

The stiffness of muscle tissue in rigor mortis partially results from:

 a) excessive acetycholine activity on muscle 
 b) excessive calcium release in muscle 
 c) excessive lactic acid build up 
 d) excessive contraction of the fibers
A

b) excessive calcium release in muscle

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12
Q

A single motor neuron may innervate as few as 3-5 fibers in muscles of the:

 a) upper arms 
 b) legs 
 c) eye 
 d) heart
A

c) eye

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13
Q

) When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of the motor neuron:

 a) calcium is released inside of the muscle fiber 
 b) acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft 
 c) acetylcholinesterease is released into the synaptic cleft 
 d) physical contact between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber occurs
A

b) acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft

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14
Q

) Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in:

 a) decrease acetylcholine production by the motor neuron 
 b) relaxation of the muscle fiber 
 c) excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber 
 d) inability of the motor neuron to stimulate the muscle fiber
A

c) excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber

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15
Q

Curare, a toxin, blocks the acetylcholine receptors on muscle tissue. This would result in:

 a) increased stimulation of the muscle fiber 
 b) inability of the muscle to respond to motor nerve stimulus 
 c) contraction of the muscle fiber 
 d) excessive contractions and convulsions
A

b) inability of the muscle to respond to motor nerve stimulus

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16
Q

Training excersizes such as jogging, swimming and aerobics have this effect on skeletal muscle tissue:

 a) increase number of mitochondria per muscle fiber
 b) increase number of muscle fibers 
 c) increase number of motor units 
 d) increase number of skeletal muscles
A

a) increase number of mitochondria per muscle fiber

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17
Q

Muscular dystrophy is a congenital disorder characterized by

 a) skeletal muscle degeneration 
 b) excessive convulsions 
 c) shaking and trembling 
 d) only cardiac damage
A

a) skeletal muscle degeneration

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18
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by painful musculoskeletal “tender points”:

 a) fibromyalgia  
 b) myasthenia gravis  
 c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy  
 d) Becker muscular dystrophy
A

a) fibromyalgia

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19
Q

) Anabolic steroids have all these effects except:

 a) builds muscle proteins 
 b) increases muscle strength 
 c) increases number of muscles in the body 
 d) can result in liver cancer and heart disease
A

c) increases number of muscles in the body

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20
Q

Which of the following statements regarding aging and the muscular system is true:

 a) aging is associated with decreased myoglobin production  
 b) the effects of aging can be nearly completely reversed  
 c) satellite cells increase in aging causing fibrosis  
 d) young persons have more adipose in muscles compared to elderly persons
A

a) aging is associated with decreased myoglobin production

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21
Q

Which of the following can be found in cartilage but not bone tissue:

 a. lacunae 
 b. protein fibers 
 c. blood vessels 
 d. chondroitin
A

d. chondroitin

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22
Q

The most common type of exocrine gland is this type:

 a. apocrine 
 b. merocrine 
 c. endocrine 
 d. holocrine
A

b. merocrine

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23
Q

Epithelia that consist of more than one layer of cells is termed:

 a. striated 
 b. stratified 
 c. stipilated 
 d. intercalated
A

b. stratified

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24
Q

The matrix of connective tissue is composed of:

 a. cells, fibers and ground substance 
 b. cells and fibers 
 c. fibers and ground substance 
 d. cells and ground substance
A

c. fibers and ground substance

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25
Q

Small hair-like structures on the surface of some epithelial cells are termed:

 a. cilia 
 b. glia 
 c. villi 
 d. microvilli
A

a. cilia

26
Q

These cells are located in bone tissue:

 a. chondroblasts 
 b. osteocytes 
 c. fibroblasts 
 d. chondrocytes
A

b. osteocytes

27
Q

Which of the following heals the quickest after injury:

 a. bone 
 b. epithelium 
 c. cartilage 
 d. muscle
A

b. epithelium

28
Q

The small holes in which some connective tissue cells reside are termed:

 a. lumen 
 b. lamellae 
 c. lacunae 
 d. lamaze
A

c. lacunae

29
Q

Which of the following does not describe skeletal muscle tissue fibers:

 a. striated 
 b. voluntary 
 c. multinucleate 
 d. branched
A

d. branched

30
Q

Which of the following suffixes implies “growth” or “formation”:

 a. -blast 
 b. -lemma 
 c. -stasis 
 d. -cyte
A

a. -blast

31
Q

Based on basic tissue type, which of the following terms does not belong grouped with the others:

 a. muscle 
 b. ligament 
 c. cartilage 
 d. blood
A

a. muscle

32
Q

A tissue viewed under the microscope displays cells in little holes, densely packed fibers and no blood vessels. This describes:

 a. dense regular connective tissue 
 b. hyaline cartilage 
 c. fibrocartilage 
 d. adipose tissue
A

c. fibrocartilage

33
Q

Which of the following characteristics can be used to describe epithelial tissue:

 a. it is derived from mesenchyme 
 b. sarcomas originate from it 
 c. it is well vascularized 
 d. it forms the glands of the body
A

d. it forms the glands of the body

34
Q

The serous membrane lining the surface of the lung is the:

 a. parietal pleura 
 b. visceral peritoneum 
 c. visceral pleura 
 d. peritoneal pleura
A

c. visceral pleura

35
Q

Read the following statements carefully. Which of the following is/are INCORRECT statements: (hint - a statement may appear to be stating correct facts and yet be incorrect as a whole statement. Read and Think.

     1) Cartilage heals slower than skin because cartilage is a deeper tissue. 
     2) The inside lining of the intestine has a large surface area because of the presence of cilia. 
     3) Adipose is a type of connective tissue because that is where fat is stored. 
 a. all are correct statements 
 b. only #1 and #2 are incorrect 
 c. only #2 and #3 are incorrect 
 d. only #1 and #3 are incorrect 
 e. all are incorrect statements
A

e. all are incorrect statements

36
Q

The dense connective tissue covering outer surface of bone diaphyses is termed:

a) perichondrium
b) periosteum
c) endosteum
d) exofibrium
e) articular cartilage

A

b) periosteum

37
Q

Which of the following bones is considered a sesamoid bone:

a) sternum
b) ethmoid
c) femur
d) patella
e) phalanx

A

d) patella

38
Q

These two components in bone are responsible for the hardness and pliability of bone:

a) osteoclasts & collagen
b) mineralized salts & osteocytes
c) mineralized salts & collagen
d) collagen & elastic fibers
e) collagen & mesenchyme

A

c) mineralized salts & collagen

39
Q

A fracture in the shaft of a long bone would be a break in the:

a) epiphysis
b) metaphysis
c) diaphysis
d) epiphyseal plate
e) mesenchyme

A

c) diaphysis

40
Q

Yellow marrow consists of:

a) osteoprogenitor cells
b) blood cell progenitor cells
c) hyaline cartilage
d) adipose
e) spongy bone

A

d) adipose

41
Q

Chondroblasts produce:

a) basement membranes
b) bone matrix
c) cartilage matrix
d) mesothelium
e) endothelium

A

c) cartilage matrix

42
Q

These structures are at the center of compact bone lamellae and carry blood vessels along the bone length:

a) Haversian canals
b) canaliculi
c) perforating canals
d) osteocytes
e) lacunae

A

a) Haversian canals

43
Q

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone matrix once it has formed is:

a) osteoclasts
b) chondrocytes
c) osteocytes
d) fibroblasts
e) osteoblasts

A

c) osteocytes

44
Q

Soft connective tissue membranes between the cranial bones at birth are:

a) an indication of microcephaly
b) frontal sinuses
c) epiphyseal plates
d) cribriform plates
e) fontanelles

A

e) fontanelles

45
Q

Endochondral and intramembranous are two mechanisms of:

a) bone remodeling
b) embryonic skeletal ossification
c) controlling blood calcium levels
d) cartilage synthesis

A

b) embryonic skeletal ossification

46
Q

Which of the following is not a cranial suture:

a) epiphyseal
b) lambdoidal
c) coronal
d) sagittal
e) squamous

A

a) epiphyseal

47
Q

The two pairs of bones that make up the hard palate are the right and left:

a) zygomatic and temporal
b) palatine and maxillae
c) maxillae and zygomatic
d) maxillae and mandible

A

b) palatine and maxillae

48
Q

The two bones that make up the posterior nasal septum are the:

a) nasal and lacrimal
b) inferior nasal choncae and vomer
c) vomer and ethmoid
d) ethmoid and sphenoid

A

c) vomer and ethmoid

49
Q

Which of the following is the most serious or life-threatening:

a) deviated nasal septum
b) sinusitis
c) damaged cribriform plate
d) damaged or cleft palate
e) ruptured bursae

A

c) damaged cribriform plate

50
Q

“Articulations” refers to:

a) broken bones
b) the study of individual bones
c) bone growth and remodeling
d) structures on bones where muscles attach
e) joints

A

e) joints

51
Q

Which of the following bones is not part of the cranium:

a) sphenoid
b) palatine
c) ethmoid
d) occipital

A

b) palatine

52
Q

Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton:

a) femur
b) sternum
c) mandible
d) sacrum

A

a) femur

53
Q

The “Hunchback” of Notre Dame probably suffered from:

a) cleft palate
b) scoliosis
c) kyphosis
d) lordosis
e) spina bifida

A

c) kyphosis

54
Q

Incomplete closure of the vertebral column results in:

a) spina bifida
b) scoliosis
c) sinusitis
d) kyphosis
e) lordosis

A

a) spina bifida

55
Q

The thickened cartilage “cushions” found in the knee that absorb compression are:

a) the menisci
b) the bursae
c) the ligaments
d) the synovial capsules
e) epiphyseal plates

A

a) the menisci

56
Q

Which of the following does not describe synovial joints:

a) bones held together by cartilage
b) joint surfaces of bones covered with articulating cartilage
c) has joint cavity
d) has 2-layered joint capsule
e) most freely movable of joints

A

a) bones held together by cartilage

57
Q

A ligament running along the side of the knee joint is a:

a) cruciate
b) bursae
c) collateral
d) patellar

A

c) collateral

58
Q

Which of the following is least likely to require arthroscopic surgery:

a) removal of a torn meniscus in the knee
b) removal of torn articular cartilage in the knee
c) repair of a torn lateral collateral ligament in the knee
d) repair of a torn anterior cruciate ligament in the knee

A

c) repair of a torn lateral collateral ligament in the knee

59
Q

The Haversian (central) canal in each osteon contains:

a) chondroitin sulfate
b) hydroxyapatite
c) osteoblasts
d) blood vessels
e) synovial fluid

A

d) blood vessels

60
Q

This hormone stimulates the breakdown of bone and the increase in blood calcium levels:

a) growth hormone
b) estrogen
c) parathyroid hormone
d) calcitonin

A

c) parathyroid hormone

Boards Part 1 Practice questions (15 decks)

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