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RS > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are surfactants made of?

A

Apoprotein + phospholipids + Ca+2

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2
Q

What produces surfactant in bronchioles?

A

Clara cells

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3
Q

What type of fluid is pleural fluid?

A

Mucoid (interstitial + protein)

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4
Q

What is the main muscle of forceful inspiration?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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5
Q

What is the main muscle of quiet inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

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6
Q

Muscles of forceful expiration?

A

Internal intercostals + abdomen

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7
Q

How to measure pressure in CMs of water?

A

mmHg x 1.37

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8
Q

What is intrathoracic pressure?

A

-4

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9
Q

When is transmural pressure highest?

A

End of inspiration

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10
Q

What are capacities used for?

A

Diagnosis restrictive and obstructive diseases

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11
Q

How much is tidal volume?

A

500ml

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12
Q

Which volume/capacity can’t be measured by spirometer?

A

Residual volume and thus FRC

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13
Q

How much is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

3000ml

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14
Q

How much is expiratory reserve volume?

A

1000ml

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15
Q

How much is residual volume?

A

1200ml

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16
Q

How much is functional residual capacity?

A

2200ml

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17
Q

How is much is vital capacity?

A

4500ml

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18
Q

How much is total lung capacity?

A

5700ml

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19
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second which should be 80% of forced vital capacity

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20
Q

What does low FVC indicate?

A

Restrictive lung disease

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21
Q

What does low FEV1 indicate?

A

Obstructive lung disease

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22
Q

Why does exhalation take longer?

A

Passive + more airway resistance

23
Q

What is dalton’s law?

A

Total pressure exerted by a mixture equals the sum of all partial pressures

24
Q

Name the 4 factors in fick’s law

A

1) Membrane thickness
2) Membrane surface area
3) Partial pressure gradient
4) diffusion coefficient of gas
5) Chemical nature of membrane (not applicable here)

25
Q

What is the average thickness of respiratory membrane?

A

0.6 um

26
Q

Why does CO2 have a higher diffusion coefficient when it’s bigger?

A

It’s more soluble

27
Q

Rank O2,N2,CO2 in order of diffusion coefficient

A

CO2>O2>N2

28
Q

What diseases affect respiratory membrane surface area?

A

Emphysema & elastase production inducers (smoking & cancer)

29
Q

What part of fick’s law could edema affect?

A

Thickness of membrane

30
Q

What is Henry’s law?

A

The higher the partial pressure the higher the solubility of a gas

31
Q

CO2 diffuses ….X times more than O2

A

20

32
Q

How much are PaO2 & PaCO2?

A

PaO2= 100mmHg
PaCO2= 40mmHg

33
Q

How much are PvO2 & PvCO2?

A

PvO2= 40mmHg
PvCO2= 46mmHg

34
Q

Partial pressure of arterial blood in the aorta?

A

95mmHg

35
Q

What is the diffusion capacity of O2 and CO2 in a resting state?

A

21 & 420 ml/min/mmHg respectively

36
Q

What is the diffusion capacity of O2 and CO2 during exercise?

A

65 & 1250 ml/min/mmHg respectively

37
Q

How much does pressure change during breathing?

A

+- 11mmHg

38
Q

What is the average V/Q ratio in a healthy lung?

A

0.8

39
Q

What is the average perfusion of the lung?

A

5.5L/min

40
Q

What is V/Q in upper lobe?

A

3

41
Q

What is V/Q in the lower lobe?

A

0.6

42
Q

What are the 2 factors affecting PO2 in tissue?

A

Blood flow & oxygen consumption

43
Q

How much of oxygen is dissolved in plasma?

A

1.5-3%

44
Q

What is the concentration of Hb & O2 in saturated blood?

A

15 grams/dl = 20 ml/dl

45
Q

At what PO2 does O2 saturation plateau?

A

60 mmHg

46
Q

How much is utilization coefficient?

A

25-30%

47
Q

What is the effect of temperature on o2 disassociation curve?

A

Shift to the right

48
Q

What is the effect of BPG on o2 disassociation curve?

A

Shift to the right

49
Q

At what carbon monoxide partial pressure is Hb saturation almost 100%?

A

0.6 mmHg

50
Q

What is the percentage of CO2 dissolved in the blood?

A

7%

51
Q

What is the most common form to transport CO2 in?

A

HCO3-

52
Q

What is the saturation of Hb with CO2 usually?

A

50%

53
Q

Where does CO2 bind to in Hb?

A

Globin amine radicals

54
Q

What is the saturation of Hb by O2 in venous blood?

A

75%

RS (9 decks)

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