MTB + Viruses

Question 1

What is the mode of transmission of TB?

Answer 1

Aerosols

Question 2

Which part of the lung does primary TB usually manifest in?

Answer 2

Inferior & posterior

Question 3

What percentage of primary TB developed into secondary TB?

Answer 3

10%

Question 4

Which blood vessels causes tb to go from lung to heart?

Answer 4

Pulmonary veins

Question 5

What could cause a false negative result in PPD (beside sensitivity) ?

Answer 5

Immunosupression (Miliary TB)

Question 6

What could cause a false positive result in PPD?

Answer 6

Environmental mycobacteria & vaccine

Question 7

Gohn focus vs gohn complex?

Answer 7

Gohn complex = gohn focus (subpleural granuloma) + Hilar LN involvement

Question 8

Where does secondary TB show in the lung x ray and why?

Answer 8

Above / behind the clavicle (apex) ; because TB is aerobic

Question 9

What isolated organ TBs could cause sterility ? (4)

Answer 9

Salpingitis
Endometritis
Empidiymo-orchitis
Prostatitis

Question 10

Vertebral TB causes ……… disease

Answer 10

Pott’s

Question 11

Adrenal gland TB causes ……… disease

Answer 11

Addison’s

Question 12

Renal TB causes ………

Answer 12

Pyelonephritis & nephrotic syndrome

Question 13

Chronic TB causes ………

Answer 13

Secondary amyloidosis

Question 14

What is the stain used in TB testing?

Answer 14

Acid-fast

Question 15

When can PPD be done?

Answer 15

2 weeks - 3 months after infection

Question 16

How much tuberculin is used in PPD?

Answer 16

5 IU

Question 17

What color is LJ medium?

Answer 17

Malachite green

Question 18

What is Mycobacterium envelope made of?

Answer 18

Mycolic acid

Question 19

How long does LJ medium take to show TB colonies?

Answer 19

1-2 months

Question 20

How is TB treated?

Answer 20

RAF/INA for 6 months + ethambutol & pyrazinamide for the first 2 months

Question 21

When is an isolated TB patient considered not infectious ?

Answer 21

After 3 days of negative acid-fast stains

Question 22

What is the vaccine for TB called and from which strain do we get it?

Answer 22

BCG ; M.bovis

Question 23

Who shouldn’t take the vaccine for TB?

Answer 23

Pregnant and immunocompromised

Question 24

What disease could M. Marinum cause?

Answer 24

Fish tank granuloma of skin

Question 25

What influenza antigen determines immunity?

Answer 25

HA

Question 26

What influenza antigen determines severity?

Answer 26

NA

Question 27

What influenza antigen determines type?

Answer 27

Ribonucleoproteins

Question 28

What is the function of influenza’s M proteins?

Answer 28

Lower pH to uncoat the virus

Question 29

What receptor does HA bind to?

Answer 29

Sialic acid-containing receptors (RS & RBC)

Question 30

How many HA subtypes are there?

Answer 30

17

Question 31

How many NA subtypes are there?

Answer 31

9

Question 32

What is influenza’s mode of transmission?

Answer 32

Droplets

Question 33

Who is most susceptible to influenza?

Answer 33

Older people & IC

Question 34

What are the types of influneza vaccines and what routes do they use?

Answer 34

Inactivated - IM
Life attenuated - Nasal

Question 35

What influenza vaccine type do we give children?

Answer 35

Sub-unit

Question 36

What is the current influenza vaccine used?

Answer 36

H1N1 + H3N2 & 1-2 Type B

Question 37

Who should yearly influenza vaccine be given to?

Answer 37

Healthcare workers & pregnant

Question 38

How many parainfluenza serotypes are there?

Answer 38

4

Question 39

Most susceptible group to parainfluenza?

Answer 39

Children

Question 40

What does zanamivir work on?

Answer 40

NA

Question 41

What does rimantadine work on?

Answer 41

M proteins of influenza