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RS > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the site of drainage of middle ethmoid cells?

A

Bulla ethmoidalis in the middle meatus

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2
Q

What is the opening of pharynx to the nose called?

A

Choanae

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3
Q

What vertebrae does the larynx accompany?

A

4th,5th & 6th

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4
Q

What are the posterior horns of the thyroid cartilage called?

A

Superior and inferior Conru

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5
Q

What is the color of the vestibular and vocal folds and why are they that color?

A

Vestibular is red ; vascular
Vocal is white ; avascular

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6
Q

What is the opening between the vocal cords called ?

A

Rima glottidis

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7
Q

What is the narrowest part of the larynx?

A

Rima glottidis for adults and cricoid cartilage for children

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8
Q

What muscle narrows the laryngeal inlet?

A

Oblique arytenoid muscle

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9
Q

What muscle widens the laryngeal inlet?

A

Thyroepiglottic muscle

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10
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Tenses vocal cords

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11
Q

What is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

A

Relaxes vocal cords

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12
Q

What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Adducting the vocal cord

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13
Q

What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Abducts vocal cords

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14
Q

What nerves innervate intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (external laryngeal for thyroarytenoid)

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15
Q

What is the endpoint of the trachia called?

A

Carina

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16
Q

Describe the location of the trachea in relevance to vertebrae

A

From C6 to the disc between T4 & T5 (Sternal angle)

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17
Q

What sensory nerves supply the trachea?

A

Vagus & recurrent laryngeal

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18
Q

What arteries supply the trachea?

A

Inferior thyroid arteries
the lower 1/3: bronchial arteries

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19
Q

What lymph nodes drain the trachea?

A

Pretracheal and paratracheal

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20
Q

What structure anterior to the trachea in the neck portion is only found in children?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

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21
Q

Where does the azygos vein sit in relation to the trachea?

A

Right side of the mediasternum part

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22
Q

Which primary bronchus is more prone to food getting in it and why?

A

Right; wider and more vertical

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23
Q

What type of cartilage is the exterior nose made from?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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24
Q

What is the most common location of anterior epistaxis?

A

Little’s area as it contains kiesselbach plexus

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25
Q

Which sinus is most prone to infections and why?

A

Maxillary, it empties superiorly so needs to be full before that

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26
Q

What structures does aryepiglottic fold connect?

A

Epiglottis to corniculate cartilage

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27
Q

True ribs are number …..?

A

1-7

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28
Q

False ribs are number …..?

A

8, 9, 10

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29
Q

Floating ribs are number …..?

A

11 & 12

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30
Q

Typical ribs are number …..?

A

3-9

31
Q

Which ribs only have one facet on their head?

A

1,10,11,12

32
Q

What extra landmarks does the 1st rib have?

A

Scalene tubercle & groves for subclavian artery & vein

33
Q

What makes the 2nd rib atypical?

A

It has a seratous tubercle

34
Q

What makes ribs 11&12 atypical?

A

Lack of neck = lack of tubercle = lack of facet for the transverse process of vertebrae

35
Q

What artery are the posterior intercostal branches of spaces 3-11 a branch of?

A

Descending thoracic aorta

36
Q

Origin & insertion of diaphram

A

O) Xiphoid + lower 6 costal cartilages + L1-L3 + arcuate ligaments

I) Central tendon

37
Q

Which diaphragm crus is longer?

A

Right

38
Q

Where is the caval opening located?

A

On the right of T8

39
Q

Where is the esophageal opening located?

A

Anterior to T10, in the right crust

40
Q

Where is the aortic opening located?

A

Anterior to T12

41
Q

What passes through the caval opening?

A

Vena cava & right phrenic nerve

42
Q

What passes through the esophageal opening?

A

(Esophagus)
2) vagus nerves
3) esophageal branch of left gastric vessels
4) lymphatics from lower 1/3 of esophagus

43
Q

What passes through the aortic opening?

A

(Aorta), thoracic duct & azygos vein

44
Q

What is the motor nerve supply of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerves

45
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve for central surface
Lower 6 intercostal n. for lateral

46
Q

What nerve could act as an accessory phrenic nerve in paralysis?

A

Nerve to subclavius

47
Q

When is damage to diaphragm considered in an injury?

A

When it’s below the nipple (5th rib)

48
Q

What nerve supplies the parietal pleura?

A

Phrenic nerve for mediastinal pleura & dome of diaphragmatic pleura

Intercostal nerves for costal & peripheral diaphragmatic pleuras

49
Q

How much of the lung is over the thoracic outlet? (In CMs)

A

2.5

50
Q

The anterior border of the left lung is at which anatomical lines when it passes 6th, 8th & 10th rib respectively?

A

6th: midclavicular
8th: midaxillary
10th: paravertebral

51
Q

How far is the lung from the midline posteriorly ?

A

4 cm

52
Q

The horizontal fissure of the lung is at the rib number….?

A

T4

53
Q

The equivalent of the middle lobe in the left lung is called?

A

The lingula

54
Q

What are the other names of the primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi respectively?

A

Main, lobar, segmental

55
Q

What kind of epithelium is vestibular fold?

A

Respiratory epithelium

56
Q

What kind of epithelium is vocal fold?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

57
Q

What are lung pleuras derived from?

A

Visceral from splenchic mesoderm and parietal from somatic mesoderm

58
Q

When does the pseudoglandular period of lung development occur?

A

Weeks 6-16

59
Q

What period of lung development occurs between weeks 16 & 26?

A

Canalicular period

60
Q

When does respiration begin in a fetus?

A

Week 16

61
Q

When does the terminal sac stage of lung development occur?

A

Week 26 until birth

62
Q

At what stage of lung development is most alveolar development occuring?

A

Alveolar period (week 32-8 years after birth)

63
Q

At what age is alveolar development completed?

A

3 years old

64
Q

Where does the vallecula sit?

A

Median glossepiglottic fold

65
Q

Where does piriform fossa sit?

A

Laryngopharyngal depression

66
Q

What marks the oral isthmus?

A

Palatoglossal arch

67
Q

What artery pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Superior laryngeal artery

68
Q

What nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Internal laryngeal

69
Q

What is the narrowest part of the larynx?

A

Adults: rima glottidis
Children: cricoid cartilage

70
Q

What is the lateral cricoid facet for?

A

Articulation with inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage

71
Q

What is the posterior cricoid facet for?

A

Articulation with arytenoid cartilage

72
Q

What structure lies anterior to the larynx?

A

Infrahyoid muscle (strap)

73
Q

What vertebrae does the trachea pass?

A

C6-T5

RS (9 decks)

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