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RS > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What Histamine receptor is associated with positive cardiac chronotropism ?

A

H2

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2
Q

What Histamine receptor is associated with positive cardiac inotropism ?

A

H1 & H2

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3
Q

What histamine receptor is associated with secreting gastric acid and from which cell is the histamine released?

A

H2; enterochromaffun-like cells

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4
Q

Name 2 histamine release inhibitors

A

Cromolyn & Nedocromil

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5
Q

Which first generation H1 blocker particularly increases apetite and how?

A

Cyproheptaine; blocks serotonin

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6
Q

Which 1st gen H1 blocker has the highest chance of blocking a-adrenergic receptors?

A

Promethazine

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7
Q

Which 1st gen H1 blockers have the highest chance of blocking cholinergic receptors?

A

Promethazine & Diphenhydramine

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8
Q

Which 1st gen H1 blocker has the highest chance of causing tachycardia?

A

Promethazine (sinus + reflex)
Diphenhydramine (sinus)

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9
Q

What’s the most common cause of coughs?

A

URT viral infection

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10
Q

How is a cough by ACE inhibitors treated?

A

Lower dose or replace with ARBs

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11
Q

What’s the optimal particle size for an inhaler?

A

2-5 um

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12
Q

Why do LABAs last that long?

A

High lipid solubility = dissolves in smooth muscle in high conc.

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13
Q

What is the methylxanthine used as bronchodilator called?

A

Theophylline

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14
Q

How is ipratropium bromide derived?

A

Atropine + NH4+

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15
Q

What time of the day are ICS given? And why?

A

Late afternoon; worse symptoms (even though it’s against natural ACTH release)

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16
Q

When is full response achieved in SABA?

A

After 3 uses

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17
Q

When is full response achieved in ICS?

A

After 2-4 weeks

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18
Q

What do we treat COPD with?

A

LABA + LAMA

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19
Q

When is a nebulizer used?

A

When coordination for inhaler is hard

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20
Q

What B2 agonists are available as an oral regimen?

A

Albuterol & Terbutaline

21
Q

How often should SABA inhaler be taken?

A

Every 20 minutes

22
Q

When do mast cell stabilizers start working?

A

2 weeks; maximum effect at 4-6 weeks

23
Q

What is the DOC LABA; why?

A

Formoterol; instant onset of action

24
Q

How long do LABAs last?

A

12h ; 24h for ultra long

25
Q

What is the onset of action of salmeterol?

A

30 minutes

26
Q

What are the suffixes used in ICS?

A

Asone ate & onide

27
Q

What is the minimum age for omalizumab?

A

6 years

28
Q

What is the route of omalizumab?

A

Subcutaneous

29
Q

What are the side effects of mast cell stabilizers?

A

Wheeze & cough

30
Q

What does ECL cells stand for?

A

Enterochromaffin-like

31
Q

When are leukotriene inhibitors used in asthma patients?

A

Cortisol alternative for worried parents & as prophylaxis

32
Q

Why should diphenhydramine be avoided in children?

A

Paradoxical hyperactivity

33
Q

When is ICS used for a cough?

A

Asthma & Eosinophilic bronchitis

34
Q

How many is gastroesophageal reflux cough treated?

A

H2 blockers / Proton pump inhibitor

35
Q

What drugs do we use for intractable chronic cough?

A

Morphine & Methadone

36
Q

What is Azelastine used for and what generation is it?

A

Conjunctivitis: 2nd gen

37
Q

What is olopatadine used for and what generation is it?

A

Conjunctivitis; 2nd gen

38
Q

What is ketotifen used for and what generation is it?

A

Conjunctivitis; 2nd gen

39
Q

What is diphenhydramine used for and what generation is it?

A

Eczema (topical) + insomnia (2nd choice); 1st gen

40
Q

What is doxylamine used for and what generation is it?

A

2nd choice for insomnia; 1st gen

41
Q

What is Meclizine used for and what generation is it?

A

In combination with scopolamine for motion sickness vertigo prophylaxis; 1st gen

42
Q

What are the side effects of Diphenhydramine?

A

Cholinergic activation (low BP & reflex tachycardia)
Paradoxical hyperactivity (&Hypersensitivity)

43
Q

What is the physiological antagonist of antihistamines?

A

Epinephrine

44
Q

What histamine receptor facilitates vasodilation & its consequences ?

A

Both H1 & H2

45
Q

What is the MOA of isoniazid?

A

Interferes with mycolic acid synthesis

46
Q

What is the MOA of ethambutol?

A

Inhibit arabinosyl transferases

47
Q

What is the DOC corticosteroid for severe and critical covid-19 ?

A

Dexamethazone

48
Q

What is the DOC antiviral for severe and critical covid-19 ?

A

Remdesivir

RS (9 decks)

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