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Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common bacterial cause of strep throat?

A

Strep. Pyogenes

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2
Q

How is acute rheumatic fever prevented?

A

Treat GAS within 10 days

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3
Q

What is the species name for GAS?

A

S. Pyogenes

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4
Q

What is the species name for GBS?

A

S. Agalactiae

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5
Q

GAS & GBS are part of the ………. classification

A

Lancefield

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6
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is ARF?

A

Type 2

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7
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is Glomerulonephritis ?

A

Type 3

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8
Q

What does S. Pyogenes adhere to?

A

CD46 on keratinocytes of nasopharyngeal epithelium

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of ARF?

A

1) Carditis (pan)
2) Arthritis (poly + large)
3) Nodules (subcutaneous & no pus)
4) Erythema marginatum
5) Sydenham’s chorea

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10
Q

What is the GBS capsule made of?

A

Sialic acid

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11
Q

What is the pneumococcus capsule made of?

A

Polysaccharides

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12
Q

What is the causing toxin of scarlet fever?

A

Erythrogenic exotoxin

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13
Q

What is the causing toxin of STSS ?

A

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin

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14
Q

What is the GAS capsule made of?

A

Hyaluronic acid

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15
Q

Which streptolysin is used in aerobic conditions?

A

Streptolysin S

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16
Q

What are the diseases causes by pneumococcus?

A

Meningitis (Acute + Pus)
Otitis media (In children)
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

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17
Q

What’s the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

A

Influenza & parainfluenza

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18
Q

What’s the most common cause of fungal acute pneumonia?

A

Candida albicans

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19
Q

What’s the type of vaccine used for Pneumococcus prevention

A

Conjugated

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20
Q

What streptococcus pyogenes antigen is the major spreading factor ?

A

Hyaluronidase

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21
Q

What is bacillus anthracis capsule made of?

A

Poly-D-Glutamic acid

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22
Q

What is the name of the disease caused by pulmonary bacillus anthracis?

A

Wool-sorter’s disease

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23
Q

What are the functions of bacillus anthracis exptoxin complex?

A

Protective agent: translocation
Edema factor: adenylate cyclase (increase cAMP)
Lethal factor: Cytolytic

24
Q

What type of vaccine is used for anthrax?

A

Both live and inactivated

25
Q

Why do bacillus anthraces colonies look like medussa head?

A

It forms very long chains

26
Q

What factors are hematin & NAD?

A

Hematin is factor X
NAD is factor V

27
Q

Why does H. Influenza require a chocolate agar?

A

It requires plenty of factors V & X

28
Q

What is H. Influenza capsule made from?

A

Polyribitol phosphate

29
Q

What percentage of people have H. Influenza as normal flora?

30
Q

What prophylaxis is given for H. Influenza?

31
Q

What is the empirical DOC for H. Influenza?

A

Ceftriaxone / Cefotaxime

32
Q

What H. Influenza vaccine is used for children >2 years old?

A

Purified PRP capsule (subunit)

33
Q

What H. Influenza vaccine is used for children 2-24 months old?

A

CRM197 (Diptheria toxin)

34
Q

Where does bordetella pertussis attach to ?

A

Respiratory cilia

35
Q

Why is bordet-gengou medium used for bordetella pertussis?

A

It has NAD & Charcoal

36
Q

What vaccine do we use for Bordetella pertussis ?

A

DTP & DTaP

37
Q

DTP vs DTaP?

A

DTaP is less toxic but shorter duration

38
Q

What swab is used for bordetella pertussis?

A

Nasopharyngeal

39
Q

What swab is used for Corynebacterium diphtheria ?

40
Q

Elek vs moloney test?

A

Elek : toxogenecity
Moloney: sensitivity to toxin

41
Q

DOC for MSSA

A

Flucloxacillin

42
Q

DOC for MSSA

A

Vancomycin / Teicoplanin & Linezolid

43
Q

DOC for MDR P.aeruginosa

A

Ceftolozone + tazobactam
Or Polymyxin (Colistin)

44
Q

What are the risk factors for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection?

A

Hospitals, Immunocompromised, Lung disease

45
Q

What is the DOC for Stentrophomonas maltophilia?

A

Co-trimoxazole

46
Q

What enterobacterales cause pneumonia?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae & E.coli

47
Q

DOC for normal Enterobacterales

A

Augmentin or Pipercillin-tazobactam

48
Q

DOC for ESBL Enterobacterales

A

Temocillin or Meropenem

49
Q

DOC for CRE

A

Ceftazidime-avibactam or high dose meropenem

50
Q

DOC for resistant enterobacterales

A

Fluroquinolones, Aminoglycosides or Colistin

51
Q

What’s the incubation period of legionnaire’s disease?

52
Q

DOC for stenotrophomonas maltiophilia

A

Co-trimoxazole

53
Q

DOC for S. Pneumonia

A

Vancomycin and fluroquinolones

54
Q

DOC for H. Influenza

A

3rd gen cephalosporins

55
Q

DOC for bordetella pertussis

A

Calirothromycin & erythromycin

56
Q

DOC for bacillus anthracis

A

Cirprofloxacin & (doxycycline)

RS (9 decks)

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