physiology Flashcards
1
Q
Na+
A
increase in nerve conduction velocity,depolarisation
2
Q
Waved/Partial tetanus
A
period of relaxation
3
Q
Holotetanus
A
period of shortening (i.e. period of
contraction)
4
Q
Muscle spindles
A
myotatic reflex in frogs
5
Q
Aschner’s reflex
A
press on eyeball –
parasympathetic effects like decrease in heart rate
6
Q
Goltz reflex
A
blow to upper region of anterior abdominal wall produces parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes
7
Q
heat radiation
A
naked person
light clothing
8
Q
heat evaporation
A
relative humidity
9
Q
convection
A
exposed skin
10
Q
conduction
A
in water
11
Q
Tractus rubrospinalis
A
‘torso muscle tone’
12
Q
Inspiratory reserve volume
A
sternocleidomastoid
muscle
13
Q
From the cells to the intercellular fluid
A
glucose
14
Q
From the intercellular fluid to the
capillaries
A
albumin
15
Q
carbohydrates
A
1000ml; 1
16
Q
25cmHg:
A
forced inspiration
17
Q
brown bread
A
weakened peristaltic activity of
the bowels
18
Q
Posterior central gyrus:
A
craniocerebral injury
leads to decreased skin sensitivity
19
Q
cerebellum
A
asthenia, muscular dystonia,
balance disorder, adiadicokinesis, ataxia,dysarthria, intension tremor, staccato speech
20
Q
midbrain`
A
red nucleus
21
Q
reticular formation
A
deep prolonged sleep
22
Q
Quadritubercular/Quadrigeminal bodies:
A
orientation reflexes
23
Q
Anterior tubercles of quadritubercular
A
orientative reflexes in response to strong photic stimuli
24
Q
decebrate rigidity
A
destruction of vestibular nuclei of Deiters (3D’s)
25
beta rhythm
eyes close, EEG
26
MIDDLE PART OF THE HELIX
medium frequency
27
Corti’s organ closer to helicotrema
low frequency
28
Corti’s organ close to oval window
high frequency
29
left ventricle
0mmHg up to 120mmHg
30
5L
blood minute volume 5L/m
31
10L/min:
blood minute volume 10L/m
32
calcitonin
stimulates tooth mineralization and
inhibits tissue resorption
33
repolarisation
T wave
34
Vagi of an experimental animal cut on both
sides:
deep and infrequent
35
Transverse disruption of spinal cord below IV
thoracic segment
respiration will stay unchanged
36
throxine
regulates metabolism and temp
37
somatotrophin (pituitary hormone)
growth and metabolism
38
aldosterone
reabsorption of na+
excretion of k+
kidney
39
4 temperaments
Phlegmatic- calm, quiet, balanaced
Melencholic - sad, depress
C h o l e r i c . - )
agression, irritability depression Sanguine-
cheerfulness, op
timism, sociability
40
hypothalamus signals thirst receptors
osmoreceptors
41
vasopressin
dec osmotic pressure
42
emphysema
alveoli elasticity damage
43
Cortex of large hemisphere / cerebral cortex
regulation of autonomic nervous system /bp and heart rate
44
respiratory coefficient
carbohydrates- co2/o2 =1
protein=0.8
fats=0.7 to 0.8
45
colloid op( COP)
pressure exerted by proteins(albumins)on capillary vessels
46
normal cop
25-30mm/hg |32-38g/l
more than 38 -filtration inc/reabsorption dec
less than normal -filtration dec/reabsorption inc
47
forced expiration
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax
or
internal intercostal muscle and abdominal muscles contract
48
vestibular receptors and utricle and saccule
detection of change in position of head,linear acc, change in muscle tone
49
proprioreceptors of active muscle
send signal to cardiovascular center in medulla oblongata
this is done to amplify heart rate and pressure after physical activity
50
ventral roots of spinal cord
contain motor fiber roots responsible for contraction of skeletal muscles
51
ventral root damage
loss of movement
52
dorsal root damage
loss of sensitivity
53
vagus nerve
sa to av node
54
long term starvation
loss of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
inc GFR, INC ESR
55
AV delay
sequence of atria and ventricular contraction
56
heart hurry
depression in R-R interval
57
occipital cortex
visual cortex
58
radioprotectors
inhibition of free radicals
59
deglutition
brain stem
60
duodenum
cholecystokinin(CCK) and secretin
61
forceful expiration
vital volume of lungs
62
kidney secrets?
erythropoietins
63
endotoxic shock
fever, chills, muscle pain, blood pressure, oliguria( red urinary output)
64
arterial pressure inc
activation of sympathoadrenal system
65
histamine
dilation of resistance vessels
decrease in arterial pressure
66
ketamine
short acting anesthetic
inc- bp, heart rate ,muscle tone
in recovery period hallucinations and orientation
67
bronchospasm
contraction of airways
irritant receptor stimulate protective mechanism
68
central paralysis
damage of cns( brain, S C )
LOST VOLUNTRAY CONTROL IN ARMS AND LEGS
69
destruction of right labyrinth
dec amoyotonia of right extensor
70
pul collapse( atelectasis)
surfactant deficiency
71
implication of HR, sweating and nausea
motion sickness
stimulation of vestibular receptors
72
-80mv - + 30 mv
reverse polarization
73
disorder in movement coordination but muscle force remains the same
dec speed synapse
central synapse
74
pancreatic enzymes
protease, lipases, amylase
pancreatic juice- tripsin
75
diving reflex
apnea -no breathing in sleep or in water
76
express diagnosis
immunofloressense
77
sympathetic NS
inc heart rate, midriating ( dilating) pupils,dry mouth
78
thalamocortical traits
affects sensory information
including visual auditory and somatosensory ( gastatory)
but no effect on olfactory
79
isometric
muscle contraction, when length in constant( tension is being produced)
80
isotonic
muscle contraction, tension constant, length changes
81
eccentric
muscle contraction where muscle lengthens while under tension
82
concentric
muscle contraction , muscles shorten under tension
83
auxotonic
tension varies and length varies
84
high acidity
histamin receptors should be blocked to reduce its effect
85
fatigue initiated in
nerve centre reflex arc
86
aldosterone
inc na+ absorp
87
natriuretic hormone(ANP)
dec na+ absorp
88
g cells produce
gastrin
89
k ion yeild
dec heart rate
90
g6p def
heart pain, cyanosis, and hemoglobinuria
91
increased tonus of extensor muscles. This the result of intensified information transmission to the motoneurons of the spinal cord
Vestibulospinal
92
Examination of a 43 y.o. anephric patient revealed anemia symptoms
Reduced synthesis of erythropoietins
93
diminished ratio of albumines and globulines
Increase of ESR
94
high levels of protein and erythrocytes in urine
renal filter permeability
95
All the heart valves are closed. What phase of the cycle is characterized by this status?
isometric contraction
