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KROK 1 BASE > physiology > Flashcards

physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Na+

A

increase in nerve conduction velocity,depolarisation

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2
Q

Waved/Partial tetanus

A

period of relaxation

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3
Q

Holotetanus

A

period of shortening (i.e. period of
contraction)

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4
Q

Muscle spindles

A

myotatic reflex in frogs

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5
Q

Aschner’s reflex

A

press on eyeball –
parasympathetic effects like decrease in heart rate

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6
Q

Goltz reflex

A

blow to upper region of anterior abdominal wall produces parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes

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7
Q

heat radiation

A

naked person
light clothing

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8
Q

heat evaporation

A

relative humidity

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9
Q

convection

A

exposed skin

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10
Q

conduction

A

in water

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11
Q

Tractus rubrospinalis

A

‘torso muscle tone’

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12
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

sternocleidomastoid
muscle

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13
Q

From the cells to the intercellular fluid

A

glucose

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14
Q

From the intercellular fluid to the
capillaries

A

albumin

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15
Q

carbohydrates

A

1000ml; 1

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16
Q

25cmHg:

A

forced inspiration

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17
Q

brown bread

A

weakened peristaltic activity of
the bowels

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18
Q

Posterior central gyrus:

A

craniocerebral injury
leads to decreased skin sensitivity

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19
Q

cerebellum

A

asthenia, muscular dystonia,
balance disorder, adiadicokinesis, ataxia,dysarthria, intension tremor, staccato speech

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20
Q

midbrain`

A

red nucleus

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21
Q

reticular formation

A

deep prolonged sleep

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22
Q

Quadritubercular/Quadrigeminal bodies:

A

orientation reflexes

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23
Q

Anterior tubercles of quadritubercular

A

orientative reflexes in response to strong photic stimuli

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24
Q

decebrate rigidity

A

d​e​struction of vestibular nuclei of D​e​iters (3​D’s​)

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25
Q

beta rhythm

A

eyes close, EEG

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26
Q

MIDDLE PART OF THE HELIX

A

medium frequency

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27
Q

Corti’s organ closer to helicotrema

A

low frequency

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28
Q

Corti’s organ close to oval window

A

high frequency

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29
Q

left ventricle

A

0mmHg up to 120mmHg

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30
Q

5L

A

blood minute volume 5L/m

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31
Q

10L/min:

A

blood minute volume 10L/m

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32
Q

calcitonin

A

stimulates tooth mineralization and
inhibits tissue resorption

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33
Q

repolarisation

A

T wave

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34
Q

Vagi of an experimental animal cut on both
sides:

A

deep and infrequent

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35
Q

Transverse disruption of spinal cord below IV
thoracic segment

A

respiration will stay unchanged

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36
Q

throxine

A

regulates metabolism and temp

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37
Q

somatotrophin (pituitary hormone)

A

growth and metabolism

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38
Q

aldosterone

A

reabsorption of na+
excretion of k+
kidney

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39
Q

4 temperaments

A

Phlegmatic- calm, quiet, balanaced
Melencholic - sad, depress
C h o l e r i c . - )
agression, irritability depression Sanguine-
cheerfulness, op
timism, sociability

40
Q

hypothalamus signals thirst receptors

A

osmoreceptors

41
Q

vasopressin

A

dec osmotic pressure

42
Q

emphysema

A

alveoli elasticity damage

43
Q

Cortex of large hemisphere / cerebral cortex

A

regulation of autonomic nervous system /bp and heart rate

44
Q

respiratory coefficient

A

carbohydrates- co2/o2 =1
protein=0.8
fats=0.7 to 0.8

45
Q

colloid op( COP)

A

pressure exerted by proteins(albumins)on capillary vessels

46
Q

normal cop

A

25-30mm/hg |32-38g/l
more than 38 -filtration inc/reabsorption dec
less than normal -filtration dec/reabsorption inc

47
Q

forced expiration

A

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax
or
internal intercostal muscle and abdominal muscles contract

48
Q

vestibular receptors and utricle and saccule

A

detection of change in position of head,linear acc, change in muscle tone

49
Q

proprioreceptors of active muscle

A

send signal to cardiovascular center in medulla oblongata
this is done to amplify heart rate and pressure after physical activity

50
Q

ventral roots of spinal cord

A

contain motor fiber roots responsible for contraction of skeletal muscles

51
Q

ventral root damage

A

loss of movement

52
Q

dorsal root damage

A

loss of sensitivity

53
Q

vagus nerve

A

sa to av node

54
Q

long term starvation

A

loss of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
inc GFR, INC ESR

55
Q

AV delay

A

sequence of atria and ventricular contraction

56
Q

heart hurry

A

depression in R-R interval

57
Q

occipital cortex

A

visual cortex

58
Q

radioprotectors

A

inhibition of free radicals

59
Q

deglutition

A

brain stem

60
Q

duodenum

A

cholecystokinin(CCK) and secretin

61
Q

forceful expiration

A

vital volume of lungs

62
Q

kidney secrets?

A

erythropoietins

63
Q

endotoxic shock

A

fever, chills, muscle pain, blood pressure, oliguria( red urinary output)

64
Q

arterial pressure inc

A

activation of sympathoadrenal system

65
Q

histamine

A

dilation of resistance vessels
decrease in arterial pressure

66
Q

ketamine

A

short acting anesthetic
inc- bp, heart rate ,muscle tone
in recovery period hallucinations and orientation

67
Q

bronchospasm

A

contraction of airways
irritant receptor stimulate protective mechanism

68
Q

central paralysis

A

damage of cns( brain, S C )
LOST VOLUNTRAY CONTROL IN ARMS AND LEGS

69
Q

destruction of right labyrinth

A

dec amoyotonia of right extensor

70
Q

pul collapse( atelectasis)

A

surfactant deficiency

71
Q

implication of HR, sweating and nausea

A

motion sickness
stimulation of vestibular receptors

72
Q

-80mv - + 30 mv

A

reverse polarization

73
Q

disorder in movement coordination but muscle force remains the same

A

dec speed synapse
central synapse

74
Q

pancreatic enzymes

A

protease, lipases, amylase
pancreatic juice- tripsin

75
Q

diving reflex

A

apnea -no breathing in sleep or in water

76
Q

express diagnosis

A

immunofloressense

77
Q

sympathetic NS

A

inc heart rate, midriating ( dilating) pupils,dry mouth

78
Q

thalamocortical traits

A

affects sensory information
including visual auditory and somatosensory ( gastatory)
but no effect on olfactory

79
Q

isometric

A

muscle contraction, when length in constant( tension is being produced)

80
Q

isotonic

A

muscle contraction, tension constant, length changes

81
Q

eccentric

A

muscle contraction where muscle lengthens while under tension

82
Q

concentric

A

muscle contraction , muscles shorten under tension

83
Q

auxotonic

A

tension varies and length varies

84
Q

high acidity

A

histamin receptors should be blocked to reduce its effect

85
Q

fatigue initiated in

A

nerve centre reflex arc

86
Q

aldosterone

A

inc na+ absorp

87
Q

natriuretic hormone(ANP)

A

dec na+ absorp

88
Q

g cells produce

A

gastrin

89
Q

k ion yeild

A

dec heart rate

90
Q

g6p def

A

heart pain, cyanosis, and hemoglobinuria

91
Q

increased tonus of extensor muscles. This the result of intensified information transmission to the motoneurons of the spinal cord

A

Vestibulospinal

92
Q

Examination of a 43 y.o. anephric patient revealed anemia symptoms

A

Reduced synthesis of erythropoietins

93
Q

diminished ratio of albumines and globulines

A

Increase of ESR

94
Q

high levels of protein and erythrocytes in urine

A

renal filter permeability

95
Q

All the heart valves are closed. What phase of the cycle is characterized by this status?

A

isometric contraction

KROK 1 BASE (8 decks)

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