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KROK 1 BASE > bio and histo > Flashcards

bio and histo Flashcards

1
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

47 (XXY); 1 barr body; 1 drumstick; affects only males; tall gynecomastia

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2
Q

turners syndrome

A

45 (XO); No barr body; affects only females; webbed neck, ‘sphinx’ neck

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3
Q

trisomy X

A

47 (XXX); 2 barr bodies
X-chromosome polysomia; super female

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4
Q

Downs syndrome

A

trisomy 21

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5
Q

Edwards syndrome

A

trisomy 18

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6
Q

patau syndrome

A

trisomy 13

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7
Q

DiGeorge syndrome

A

chromosome 22 (22q11)

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8
Q

Cri du Chat

A

chromosome 5p

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9
Q

mosaicism

A

46 (XY); 47 (XXY)

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10
Q

Recessive epistasis

A

w o m a n O​ , ​ c h i l d A​ B , ​
husband​A​blood group

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11
Q

0%

A

Phenylketonuria recessive gene

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12
Q

100%

A

Hypertrychosis of auricles; Y-chromosome

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13
Q

Dominated X linked

A

5 children, 3 girls and 2 boys;
all girls inherited their father’s disease

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14
Q

True Hermaphroditism

A

both male and female
gonads are revealed

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15
Q

Pleiotrophy

A

Marfan’s syndrome and Hartnup
disease

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16
Q

Phenocopy

A

hirsutism resembling adrenal
syndrome; Rubella

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17
Q

Metaphase

A

equatorial plane; fully condensed
chromosomes; in this phase we study the cell’s
karyotype

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18
Q

Metaphase of second division

A

haploid number
of chromosomes

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19
Q

nucleosome

A

8 histone proteins and a part of DNA molecule

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20
Q

karakurt spider

A

4 pairs of segmented extremities; two rows of red dots

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21
Q

anopheles

A

malaria

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22
Q

Bug bites

A

sleeping sickness

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23
Q

Epidemic typhus

A

lice

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24
Q

Inversion

A

turned 180 degree

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25
Q

Desmosome

A

electron dense substance

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26
Q

Periosteum

A

regeneration of bone tissue

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27
Q

Basal

A

regeneration of bronchial epithelium

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28
Q

Satellite, Myosatellite cells

A

regeneration (muscle
regeneration)

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29
Q

SCHWANN CELLS

A

regeneration of nerve cells

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30
Q

LIVER

A

central vein; portal triad (artery, vein and
excretory duct)

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31
Q

Spleen

A

central artery

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32
Q

Nonmuscular vein or vein of non-muscular type:

A

no tunica media (doesn’t have tunica media)

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33
Q

Muscular type of artery

A

middle coat is enriched
with smooth myocytes (i.e. tunica media is
present)

34
Q

Sinusoidal capillaries

A

Red bone marrow

35
Q

Fenestrated capillaries:

A

Renal corpucles

36
Q

Papillae vellatae

A

papillae on the border of the
median and posterior third of the back of tongue

37
Q

Embroyonal

A

: major calyces are absent

38
Q

Primary

A

follicular epithelium consists of 1​-2
layers​of cubic cells

39
Q

Cells of sebaceous glands:

40
Q

Unformed dense connective tissue:

A

provides
skin strength

41
Q

Dermis

A

mesoderm segmentation and somite
formation

42
Q

Smooth muscle cells

A

mesenchyma cells

43
Q

Cortex of cerebrum

A

stellate, fusiform,
horizontal, pyramidal

44
Q

Macula densa

A

a part of distal tubule between
afferent and efferent arteriole

45
Q

oval unicellular organism with cilia
ulcers 1 mm

A

balantidiasis

46
Q

normal hemogram

47
Q

acne veriform arthropoda

A

demodicosis

48
Q

romansky stain cresent bodies

49
Q

temp rise muscle pain and full blown esonophilia

50
Q

magnesium ion dec and ribosomes

A

translation

51
Q

between fingers and inguinal creases

52
Q

triplets

A

processing

53
Q

sheep with dogs
tumor like formation

A

echinoccoccis

54
Q

size of eggs is smallest among all helminths

A

Opisthorchosis

55
Q

antituberculous medication inhibits transcription of RNA into DNA in mycobacteria?

A

rifampicin

56
Q

temperature increase comes in waves daily

A

intermittent

57
Q

African countries
revealed helminths 30-50 mm long with elongated filiform body

A

filariasis

58
Q

twin nuclei and four pairs of flagella

59
Q

cramps and facial edmata. The developed preventive measures in particular included ban for eating infested pork even after heat processing

A

trichinosis

60
Q

high dose of hydrocortisone

61
Q

twilight vision

62
Q

spasm of respiratory muscle

A

small bronchi

63
Q

external and internal phalangeal cell, stem cells, external limiting cells and external supporting cell

A

acoustic cells

64
Q

increased resorbtion of calcium ions and decreased resorbtion of phosphate ions

A

parathhormone

65
Q

40 y.o. man’s thymus revealed decreased share of parenchymatous gland elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies

A

age involution

66
Q

Study of fingerprints (dactylography)

A

dermopappillary

67
Q

big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed

A

macrophages

68
Q

flat cells lying on the basal membrane

A

endothelium

69
Q

hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function

A

intercellular substance

70
Q

unbranched excretory duct with a terminal part in form of a saccule openining into the duct

A

Simple unbranched alveolar

71
Q

several secretory saccule-shaped parts that open in the common excretory duct

A

Simple branched alveolar gland

72
Q

gradual decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia as well as an increase in oxyphilia, the nucleus is being forced out

A

erythropoiesis

73
Q

revealed enlargement of sellar cavity, thinning of anterior clinoid processes

A

hypophysis

74
Q

Blood test has revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia.

A

parathormone

75
Q

urea decrease activity

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

76
Q

Cushing’s syndrome – steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia

A

gluconeogenesis

77
Q

multiple cutaneous hemmorhages (mostly into the skin of buttocks, lower extremities), serous and mucous memrane hemmorhages

A

meningococcemia

78
Q

hormon-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes
secondary mediator

A

cyclic amp

79
Q

Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for

A

respiratory

80
Q

A woman with 0 (I) bllod group has born a child with AB blood group. This woman’s husband has A blood group. What genetic interaction explains this phenomenon?

A

Recessive epistatis

81
Q

coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin

A

Hypoparathyroidism

82
Q

Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol

A

Acetaldehyde

KROK 1 BASE (8 decks)

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