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KROK 1 BASE > bio and histo > Flashcards

bio and histo Flashcards

1
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

47 (XXY); 1 barr body; 1 drumstick; affects only males; tall gynecomastia

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2
Q

turners syndrome

A

45 (XO); No barr body; affects only females; webbed neck, ‘sphinx’ neck

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3
Q

trisomy X

A

47 (XXX); 2 barr bodies
X-chromosome polysomia; super female

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4
Q

Downs syndrome

A

trisomy 21

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5
Q

Edwards syndrome

A

trisomy 18

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6
Q

patau syndrome

A

trisomy 13

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7
Q

DiGeorge syndrome

A

chromosome 22 (22q11)

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8
Q

Cri du Chat

A

chromosome 5p

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9
Q

mosaicism

A

46 (XY); 47 (XXY)

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10
Q

Recessive epistasis

A

w o m a n O​ , ​ c h i l d A​ B , ​
husband​A​blood group

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11
Q

0%

A

Phenylketonuria recessive gene

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12
Q

100%

A

Hypertrychosis of auricles; Y-chromosome

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13
Q

Dominated X linked

A

5 children, 3 girls and 2 boys;
all girls inherited their father’s disease

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14
Q

True Hermaphroditism

A

both male and female
gonads are revealed

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15
Q

Pleiotrophy

A

Marfan’s syndrome and Hartnup
disease

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16
Q

Phenocopy

A

hirsutism resembling adrenal
syndrome; Rubella

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17
Q

Metaphase

A

equatorial plane; fully condensed
chromosomes; in this phase we study the cell’s
karyotype

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18
Q

Metaphase of second division

A

haploid number
of chromosomes

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19
Q

nucleosome

A

8 histone proteins and a part of DNA molecule

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20
Q

karakurt spider

A

4 pairs of segmented extremities; two rows of red dots

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21
Q

anopheles

A

malaria

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22
Q

Bug bites

A

sleeping sickness

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23
Q

Epidemic typhus

A

lice

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24
Q

Inversion

A

turned 180 degree

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25
Desmosome
electron dense substance
26
Periosteum
regeneration of bone tissue
27
Basal
regeneration of bronchial epithelium
28
Satellite, Myosatellite cells
regeneration (muscle regeneration)
29
SCHWANN CELLS
regeneration of nerve cells
30
LIVER
central vein; portal triad (artery, vein and excretory duct)
31
Spleen
central artery
32
Nonmuscular vein or vein of non-muscular type:
no tunica media (doesn’t have tunica media)
33
Muscular type of artery
middle coat is enriched with smooth myocytes (i.e. tunica media is present)
34
Sinusoidal capillaries
Red bone marrow
35
Fenestrated capillaries:
Renal corpucles
36
Papillae vellatae
papillae on the border of the median and posterior third of the back of tongue
37
Embroyonal
: major calyces are absent
38
Primary
follicular epithelium consists of 1​-2 layers​of cubic cells
39
Cells of sebaceous glands:
seborrhea
40
Unformed dense connective tissue:
provides skin strength
41
Dermis
mesoderm segmentation and somite formation
42
Smooth muscle cells
mesenchyma cells
43
Cortex of cerebrum
stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramidal
44
Macula densa
a part of distal tubule between afferent and efferent arteriole
45
oval unicellular organism with cilia ulcers 1 mm
balantidiasis
46
normal hemogram
thymus
47
acne veriform arthropoda
demodicosis
48
romansky stain cresent bodies
toxoplasm
49
temp rise muscle pain and full blown esonophilia
trichina
50
magnesium ion dec and ribosomes
translation
51
between fingers and inguinal creases
scabies
52
triplets
processing
53
sheep with dogs tumor like formation
echinoccoccis
54
size of eggs is smallest among all helminths
Opisthorchosis
55
antituberculous medication inhibits transcription of RNA into DNA in mycobacteria?
rifampicin
56
temperature increase comes in waves daily
intermittent
57
African countries revealed helminths 30-50 mm long with elongated filiform body
filariasis
58
twin nuclei and four pairs of flagella
lamblia
59
cramps and facial edmata. The developed preventive measures in particular included ban for eating infested pork even after heat processing
trichinosis
60
high dose of hydrocortisone
fascial
61
twilight vision
rod
62
spasm of respiratory muscle
small bronchi
63
external and internal phalangeal cell, stem cells, external limiting cells and external supporting cell
acoustic cells
64
increased resorbtion of calcium ions and decreased resorbtion of phosphate ions
parathhormone
65
40 y.o. man’s thymus revealed decreased share of parenchymatous gland elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies
age involution
66
Study of fingerprints (dactylography)
dermopappillary
67
big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed
macrophages
68
flat cells lying on the basal membrane
endothelium
69
hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function
intercellular substance
70
unbranched excretory duct with a terminal part in form of a saccule openining into the duct
Simple unbranched alveolar
71
several secretory saccule-shaped parts that open in the common excretory duct
Simple branched alveolar gland
72
gradual decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia as well as an increase in oxyphilia, the nucleus is being forced out
erythropoiesis
73
revealed enlargement of sellar cavity, thinning of anterior clinoid processes
hypophysis
74
Blood test has revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia.
parathormone
75
urea decrease activity
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
76
Cushing’s syndrome – steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia
gluconeogenesis
77
multiple cutaneous hemmorhages (mostly into the skin of buttocks, lower extremities), serous and mucous memrane hemmorhages
meningococcemia
78
hormon-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes secondary mediator
cyclic amp
79
Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for
respiratory
80
A woman with 0 (I) bllod group has born a child with AB blood group. This woman’s husband has A blood group. What genetic interaction explains this phenomenon?
Recessive epistatis
81
coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin
Hypoparathyroidism
82
Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol
Acetaldehyde

KROK 1 BASE (8 decks)

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