pathophysiology Flashcards by 20 MED Aadhavan mathivanan

Infectious mononucleosis

ELISA revealed Epstein-Barr virus

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Infectious mononucleosis and AIDS

secondary immunodeficiency

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Secretory IgA

local post-vaccination immunity

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TypeIHSR:

atopy,immediate,reagine,anaphylaxis;
IgG, IgE; mast cell; labrocytes; bronchial asthma;characterized by rash and itchy papules

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TypeIIHSR:

antibody-dependent;blood
transfusion

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TypeIIIHSR

immunecomplex;acutepost-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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T y p e I V H S R

d e l a y e d , c e l l u l a r c y t o t o x i c i t y ; m a n t o u x
test

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Neutrophilic leukocytosis:

irradiation dose of 500 roentgen

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Steroid diabetes (adrenal)

17-ketosteroid (17-KS)

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HDL

removes cholesterol from tissues;
anti-atherogenic lipoprotein

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LDL

hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia

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Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa:

cholesterol
(12.3mmol/L); total lipids (8.2g/L); increase LDL;
consumes eggs, pork-fat, butter

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Cushing’spituitary basophilism
(Itsenko-Cushing’ssyndrome);

increased production of glucocorticoids: moon-shaped face; android-type obesity

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Air embolism

bubble escapes

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Fat/Adipose embolism

fractures

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Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery:

thrombophlebitis of lower limbs

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eukinetic

increase in cardiac output and general
peripheral resistance

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myocardial infraction

CK-MB (early period);
LDH1 (6hrs later); aspartate aminotransferase
(AST)

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Complete atrioventricular

: atria and ventricles
contracts independently 60-70 and 35-40
respectively

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Sinoatrial (S. A.) block

missing of several PQRST
cycles

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S. A. node

60- and above (112bpm)

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A. V. node

40 - 60

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catecholamine

transplanted heart

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Sympathoadrenal system

raise of arterial
pressure under stress

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causalgic

gunshot wound damage sciatic nerve

protophatic

poorly-localized

Hemolytic/Prehepatic/Indirect Jaundice:

↑unconjugated, normal conjugated; faeces is coloured, stercobilin and urobilin are present; caused by increased hemolysis

Post-hepatic/Mechanical/Obstructive/Direct Jaundice

: ↑conjugated; normal unconjugated; faeces is hypocholic (not coloured); stercobilin, urobilin, stercobilinogen are absent. Caused by obturation of bile duct, cholithiasis

Hepatic/Parenchymal/Mixed Jaundice:

combines the characteristics of both

Increase in ALT and AST rate:

indicator for parenchymatous Jaundice

Paraproteinemia:

myeloma, plasmocytoma, multiple myeloma, bence jones proteins

burn toxemia

extensive burns of torso skin

mechanism of edema

increase hydrostatic pressure at the venous end or rise of hydrostatic pressure in venules

thalassemia

anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and target cells

sickle cell anemia

Glutamic acid to Valine; sickled cells; modified cells

C PROTEIN REACTIVE

“acute phase” protein

Gyrus supramarginalis:

apraxia – lost ability to execute learned purposeful movements

collapse

consciousness is confused

glycated hemoglobin

diabetes mellitus; over the last 4-8 weeks; blood plasma protein

Electrolytic-osmotic and Membranopathy:

Minkowsky-Shauffard disease

hippuric acid

antitoxic liver function

catarrhal

lacrimation, nasal discharges

bowels

v a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n w i l l b e m a x i m a l

heart

v a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n w i l l b e minimial

Tay sachs disease:

Cherry-red spot

Cheyne-stokes respiration:

cycles repeat

meningococcal meningitis

purulent, fibrose exudate, plethoric cerebral hemisphere look s like cap

diphtheric

comybracteria dipheriae in case of dysentry mucous membrane infiltration

dec HCO3 - 15 milli mole.Mountain

hyperventilation

calomel

contain hg. cause kidney damage - acute renal failure daily diuresis less than (620ml) normal = 800 - 200ml

expiratory dyspnea or asphyxia

prolonged expiration cyanotic heavy breathing

stenotic

narrowing of r.t in treachea

disorder of airways passage in small and middle bronchi. acid base equillibrium

respiratory acidosis inc co2 in lungs/ inability of lungs to remove co2 dec co2 in lungs - respiratory alkalosis

edema

chromic glomerulanephitis proteinuria

reddening inc temp of skin upper neck node of sympathetic trunk was removed

peripheral circulation - neuroparalytic arterial hyperemia

thyreotoxicosis

too much thyroid hormone in body

type of hypoxia

tissue

hypertrophy

overload by volume

tricuspid value insufficiency

both ventricle, right atrium

cleft palate diverge syndrome

reduction of T lymphocytes ( chr 22 missing)

k can defect electrical conduction system of heart

hyperkalamia cardiac arrest in diastole effect electrical conduction of impulse

atherosclerosis

lower limb thrombosis gangrene toes- thromobute adhesion - platelets

( PO -> extended ORS->unchanged Pwaves exceeds - QRS

AV BLOCK

nephrotic syndrome

proteinuria

hears ear noise

neurogenetic

appendectomy

neuroleptic leukocytosis with regenerative shift mechanism - amplification of leukopeisis

nephrotic syndrome- edema of face, limbs

drop of oncotic BP

pharynx tumor invaded vocals cords and epiglottis worked as stokes ( burning, coal, gasoline) cause of tumour

polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates

daltonism ( color blindness)

sex linked recessive

inflammation

protein syntheesis acute phase interleukin 1 c reactive

b 12 folate deficient

resection of fore stomach

morphine poisoning breathing - shallow , infrequent respiratory failure type

ventilative dysregulatory

rice water stool cholera

iso osmotic hypohydration

T LYMPHOCyTES

CELLULAR IMMUNITY

adenohypophysis(moon face)

Cushing disease

2nd degree AV blocks

P waves not followed by QRS

myogenic dilation

overfilled veins during systole

inc Ca in myocardiocytes

hypertrophy of L.V aortic valve insufficiency

Zollinger - Ellison syndrome

inc gastrin - inc hyper secretion of hcl

high inc nitrates converts

Hb into meth HB methHb reductase can break

hypo chromic anaemia

deficiency of FE containing enzymes

cytochemical -ve

undifferentiated leukosis

the child choked and aspirated the food. Meavy cough has started, skin and mucose are cyanotic, rapid pulse

Stage of expiratory dyspnea on asphyxia

Down’s disease. Mother is 42 years old

Gametopathy

high glucose concentration in blood and intensified secretion of corticotropin and corticosteroidsq

ANTI SHOCK PHASE

of acute pain in the right hypochondrium. Objective examination revealed scleral icterus alt activity

colithiasis

landed on the outside edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are limited

arterial hyperemia

lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis

Lymphoplastic

itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis

Metronidazole

myocardial infarction in the patient was complicated with progressive acute left ventricle insufficiency

edema of lungs

Enlargement of T-lymphocytes and IgM with normal IgA and IgG

composite immunedefficiency

ECG shows no P wave, QRS complex is deformed, there is a full compensatory pause

ventricular

cyclic uterine hemorrhages for a year, weakness, dizziness

Chronic posthemorrhagic anemia

People in the increased radiation zone were radiated with approximately 250-300 r.

lymphopenia

ECG reveals extraordinary contractions of heart ventricles

extrasystole

P-wave is normal, P-Q-interval is short, ventricular QRST complex is wide, R-wave is double-peak or two-phase

wpw Wolff-Parkinson-White

acute renal failure (ARF) developed in the patient due to permanent injury

Decreased arterial pressure