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KROK 1 BASE > pathophysiology > Flashcards

pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

ELISA revealed Epstein-Barr virus

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2
Q

Infectious mononucleosis and AIDS

A

secondary immunodeficiency

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3
Q

Secretory IgA

A

local post-vaccination immunity

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4
Q

TypeIHSR:​

A

atopy,immediate,reagine,anaphylaxis;
IgG, IgE; mast cell; labrocytes; b​ronchial asthma;​characterized by rash and i​tchy papules

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5
Q

TypeIIHSR:

A

antibody-dependent;blood
transfusion

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6
Q

TypeIIIHSR

A

immunecomplex;acutepost-streptococcal​ glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

T y p e I V H S R

A

d e l a y e d , c e l l u l a r c y t o t o x i c i t y ; m​ a n t o u x
test

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8
Q

Neutrophilic leukocytosis:

A

irradiation dose of 500 roentgen

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9
Q

Steroid diabetes (adrenal)

A

17-ketosteroid (17-KS)

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10
Q

HDL

A

removes cholesterol from tissues;
anti-atherogenic lipoprotein

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11
Q

LDL

A

hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia

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12
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa:

A

cholesterol
(12.3mmol/L); total lipids (8.2g/L); increase LDL;
consumes eggs, pork-fat, butter

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13
Q

Cushing’s​pituitary basophilism
(I​tsenko-Cushing’s​syndrome);

A

increased production of glucocorticoids: moon-shaped face; android-type obesity

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14
Q

Air embolism

A

bubble escapes

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15
Q

Fat/Adipose embolism

A

fractures

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16
Q

Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery:

A

thrombophlebitis of lower limbs

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17
Q

eukinetic

A

increase in cardiac output and general
peripheral resistance

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18
Q

myocardial infraction

A

CK-MB (early period);
LDH1 (6hrs later); aspartate aminotransferase
(AST)

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19
Q

Complete atrioventricular

A

: atria and ventricles
contracts i​ndependently ​60-70 and 35-40
respectively

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20
Q

Sinoatrial (S. A.) block

A

missing of several PQRST
cycles

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21
Q

S. A. node

A

60- and above (112bpm)

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22
Q

A. V. node

A

40 - 60

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23
Q

catecholamine

A

transplanted heart

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24
Q

Sympathoadrenal system

A

raise of arterial
pressure under stress

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25
Q

causalgic

A

gunshot wound damage sciatic nerve

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26
Q

protophatic

A

poorly-localized

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27
Q

Hemolytic/Prehepatic/Indirect Jaundice:

A

↑unconjugated, normal conjugated; faeces is coloured, stercobilin and urobilin are present; caused by increased hemolysis

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28
Q

Post-hepatic/Mechanical/Obstructive/Direct Jaundice

A

: ↑conjugated; normal unconjugated; faeces is hypocholic (not coloured); stercobilin, urobilin, stercobilinogen are absent. Caused by obturation of bile duct, cholithiasis

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29
Q

Hepatic/Parenchymal/Mixed Jaundice:

A

combines the characteristics of both

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30
Q

Increase in ALT and AST rate:

A

indicator for parenchymatous Jaundice

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31
Q

Paraproteinemia:

A

myeloma, plasmocytoma, multiple myeloma, bence jones proteins

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32
Q

burn toxemia

A

extensive burns of torso skin

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33
Q

mechanism of edema

A

increase hydrostatic pressure at the
venous end or rise of hydrostatic pressure in venules

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34
Q

thalassemia

A

anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and target cells

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35
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

Glutamic acid to Valine; sickled cells; modified cells

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36
Q

C PROTEIN REACTIVE

A

“acute phase” protein

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37
Q

Gyrus supramarginalis:

A

a​praxia –​ lost ability to execute learned purposeful movements

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38
Q

collapse

A

consciousness is confused

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39
Q

glycated hemoglobin

A

diabetes mellitus; over
the last 4-8 weeks; blood plasma protein

40
Q

Electrolytic-osmotic and Membranopathy:

A

Minkowsky-Shauffard disease

41
Q

hippuric acid

A

antitoxic liver function

42
Q

catarrhal

A

lacrimation, nasal discharges

43
Q

bowels

A

v a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n w i l l b e m​ a x i m a l

44
Q

heart

A

v a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n w i l l b e minimial

45
Q

Tay sachs disease:

A

Cherry-red spot

46
Q

Cheyne-stokes respiration:

A

cycles repeat

47
Q

meningococcal meningitis

A

purulent, fibrose exudate, plethoric cerebral hemisphere look s like cap

48
Q

diphtheric

A

comybracteria dipheriae
in case of dysentry mucous membrane infiltration

49
Q

dec HCO3 - 15 milli mole.Mountain

A

hyperventilation

50
Q

calomel

A

contain hg. cause kidney damage - acute renal failure
daily diuresis less than (620ml)
normal = 800 - 200ml

51
Q

expiratory dyspnea or asphyxia

A

prolonged expiration cyanotic heavy breathing

52
Q

stenotic

A

narrowing of r.t in treachea

53
Q

disorder of airways passage in small and middle bronchi. acid base equillibrium

A

respiratory acidosis
inc co2 in lungs/ inability of lungs to remove co2
dec co2 in lungs - respiratory alkalosis

54
Q

edema

A

chromic glomerulanephitis
proteinuria

55
Q

reddening inc temp of skin
upper neck node of sympathetic trunk was removed

A

peripheral circulation - neuroparalytic arterial hyperemia

56
Q

thyreotoxicosis

A

too much thyroid hormone in body

57
Q

type of hypoxia

58
Q

hypertrophy

A

overload by volume

59
Q

tricuspid value insufficiency

A

both ventricle, right atrium

60
Q

cleft palate diverge syndrome

A

reduction of T lymphocytes
( chr 22 missing)

61
Q

k can defect electrical conduction system of heart

A

hyperkalamia cardiac arrest in diastole
effect electrical conduction of impulse

62
Q

atherosclerosis

A

lower limb thrombosis
gangrene toes- thromobute adhesion - platelets

63
Q

(
PO -> extended
ORS->unchanged
Pwaves exceeds - QRS

64
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

proteinuria

65
Q

hears ear noise

A

neurogenetic

66
Q

appendectomy

A

neuroleptic leukocytosis with regenerative shift mechanism - amplification of leukopeisis

67
Q

nephrotic syndrome- edema of face, limbs

A

drop of oncotic BP

68
Q

pharynx tumor invaded vocals cords and epiglottis worked as stokes ( burning, coal, gasoline)
cause of tumour

A

polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates

69
Q

daltonism ( color blindness)

A

sex linked recessive

70
Q

inflammation

A

protein syntheesis
acute phase
interleukin 1
c reactive

71
Q

b 12 folate deficient

A

resection of fore stomach

72
Q

morphine poisoning
breathing - shallow , infrequent
respiratory failure type

A

ventilative dysregulatory

73
Q

rice water stool cholera

A

iso osmotic hypohydration

74
Q

T LYMPHOCyTES

A

CELLULAR IMMUNITY

75
Q

adenohypophysis(moon face)

A

Cushing disease

76
Q

2nd degree AV blocks

A

P waves not followed by QRS

77
Q

myogenic dilation

A

overfilled veins
during systole

78
Q

inc Ca in myocardiocytes

A

hypertrophy of L.V
aortic valve insufficiency

79
Q

Zollinger - Ellison syndrome

A

inc gastrin - inc hyper secretion of hcl

80
Q

high inc nitrates converts

A

Hb into meth HB methHb reductase can break

81
Q

hypo chromic anaemia

A

deficiency of FE containing enzymes

82
Q

cytochemical -ve

A

undifferentiated leukosis

83
Q

the child choked and aspirated the food. Meavy cough has started, skin and mucose are cyanotic, rapid pulse

A

Stage of expiratory dyspnea on asphyxia

84
Q

Down’s disease. Mother is 42 years old

A

Gametopathy

85
Q

high glucose concentration in blood and intensified secretion of corticotropin and corticosteroidsq

A

ANTI SHOCK PHASE

86
Q

of acute pain in the right hypochondrium. Objective examination revealed scleral icterus
alt activity

A

colithiasis

87
Q

landed on the outside edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are limited

A

arterial hyperemia

88
Q

lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis

A

Lymphoplastic

89
Q

itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis

A

Metronidazole

90
Q

myocardial infarction in the patient was complicated with progressive acute left ventricle insufficiency

A

edema of lungs

91
Q

Enlargement of T-lymphocytes and IgM with normal IgA and IgG

A

composite immunedefficiency

92
Q

ECG shows no P wave, QRS complex is deformed, there is a full compensatory pause

A

ventricular

93
Q

cyclic uterine hemorrhages for a year, weakness, dizziness

A

Chronic posthemorrhagic anemia

94
Q

People in the increased radiation zone were radiated with approximately 250-300 r.

A

lymphopenia

95
Q

ECG reveals extraordinary contractions of heart ventricles

A

extrasystole

96
Q

P-wave is normal, P-Q-interval is short, ventricular QRST complex is wide, R-wave is double-peak or two-phase

A

wpw Wolff-Parkinson-White

97
Q

acute renal failure (ARF) developed in the patient due to permanent injury

A

Decreased arterial pressure

KROK 1 BASE (8 decks)

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