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FINALS - NEURO > physiology > Flashcards

physiology Flashcards

1
Q

function of frontal lobe

A

motor cortex // prefontal are: personability, inhibition, thought process // broca’s area: language production

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2
Q

parietal lobe function

A

sensory, somatic area

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3
Q

temporal lobe function

A

sound processing, memory, receptive speech // wenicke’s: language comprehension

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4
Q

occipital lobe function

A

sight

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5
Q

insular lobe function

A

not 100% sure - compassion, empathy, taste some motor

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6
Q

brainstem function

A

autonomic: breathing, digestion, HR, BP, alerness

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7
Q

cerbellum activity

A

control and coordination of voluntary movement

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8
Q

what pathways are involved in PNS (3)

A

somatic (voluntary): sensory and motor nerves // sensory: only visceral afferents // autonomic: only visceral efferents eg para(sympathetics)

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9
Q

components of a neurone

A

soma (body), axon (carries info), axon hillock + synapse

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10
Q

what are the 4 types of glial cells

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal

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11
Q

what do astrocutes do

A

maintain BBB

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12
Q

what do oligodendrocytes/ schwann cells do

A

produce myelin (Schwann PNS)

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13
Q

what do microglia do

A

immune cells

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14
Q

what do ependymal cells do

A

line ventricles

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15
Q

what is grey vs white matter

A

grey matter contains neurones, white matter is axons and communications

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16
Q

where is the motor cortex

A

precentral (ant) gyrus

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17
Q

where is the sensory cortex

A

postcentral (post) grys

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18
Q

what arteries make up circle of willis

A

internal carotis (x2) // middle cerebral (x2) // ant cerebral (x2) // post cerebral (x2) // anterior communication (x1) // posterior communication (x2)

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19
Q

what arteries come posteriorly to make circle of willis

A

vertebral (x2) –> basilar

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20
Q

where does spinal cord terminate

A

L1/2 // continues as thin connective tissue called filum terminale

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21
Q

function of roots –> spinal nerve –> rami

A

posterior (sensory) + anterior (motor) root –> spinal nerve –> posterior (anatomy) + (anterior) rami

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22
Q

what anchors spinal cord to dura mater

A

denticulate ligaments (from pia and arachnoid mater)

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23
Q

which horns are sensory vs motor

A

posterior horns are sensory, anterior (bigger) are motor

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24
Q

main arterial supply to spinal cord

A

3 vertical arteries (1 ant, 2 post), segmental, radicular

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25
Q

where does blood run in spinal cord

A

epidural space

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26
Q

what does the ascending spinothalamic pathway do and where does it desiccate

A

pain, temp, rough touch, pressure (at level of spinal)

27
Q

what does the ascending dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DCML) pathway do and where does it desiccate

A

fine touch, priopro + vibration (at brainstem)

28
Q

what does the spinocerrebelar ascending pathway do

A

proprioception –> cerebellum to coordinate posture and lower limb movement

29
Q

what do the cortical descending pathways do (generally speaking

A

pyramidal - voluntary control

30
Q

what does the corticospinal descending pathway do and where does it desiccate

A

lateral - distal muscles (pyramid of medulla) // medial - axial muscles (at spinal cord)

31
Q

what does the corticobulbar descending pathway do

A

UMN of cranial nerves - face, head, neck

32
Q

what do they extrapyramidal tracts control

A

come from brainstem - involuntary movements eg posture + ref;exes

33
Q

tectospinal descending pathway function

A

reflexed head and neck

34
Q

reticulospinal descending pathway function

A

pontine - contracts lower limvs // medullary - opposes and relaxes lower limbs

35
Q

rubrospinal descending pathway function

A

excites flexors and inhibits extensors (reflexes)

36
Q

vestibulospinal descending pathway function

A

prevents sudden falls

37
Q

lobes of cerebellum

A

anterior, posterior, flocculonodular

38
Q

nuclei of cerebellum

A

fastigal, interposed, dentate!!

39
Q

what does pontocerebellum do

A

ipsilateral - skilled movement, planning, execution

40
Q

what does bilateral cerebellar dysfunction cause

A

wide gait, slurred speech eg alcohol exposure

41
Q

spinal cerebellum function

A

posture control

42
Q

what are afferent and efferent fibres of cerebellum

A

afferent –> granule cells // efferent –> purkinje cells

43
Q

functions basal ganglia

A

purposeful and fine vountary movement // inhibit unwanted movement // posture + tone

44
Q

function CNI

A

sensory smell

45
Q

function CNV

A

sensation face, corneal reflex, muscles of mastication, tensro tympani

46
Q

CNVII function

A

motor face, stapedius, tast ant 2/3 tongue

47
Q

which CN passes through parotid

A

CN VII

48
Q

CN IX function

A

post 1/3 tounge, afferent gag, parasym to parotid

49
Q

CN X function

A

wow!! epiglottis taste, visceral from pharynx –> abdo // parasymp // efferent gag

50
Q

where are the cavernous sinuses

A

paired on the body of the sphenoid bone

51
Q

what doed the cavernous sinus contain

A

ICA and abducens nerve (CN VI)

52
Q

where does cavernous sinus drain

A

internal jugular

53
Q

what cells produce CSF

A

ependymal cells

54
Q

circulation of CSF (6)

A
  1. lat ventricles –> 3rd ventricles –> cerebral aqeuduct –> 4th ventricle –> subarachnoid –> arachnoid granulation
55
Q

dermatome C6

A

tip of thumb and index

56
Q

dermatome C7

A

middle finger + palm

57
Q

dermatome C8

A

ring and little

58
Q

dermatome level nipple

A

T4

59
Q

dermatome level xiphoid

A

T6

60
Q

dermatome level umbilicus

A

T10

61
Q

L5 dermatum

A

big toe and dorsum of foot // web space big and second toe

62
Q

S1 dermatome

A

small toe and side of foot

63
Q

genitalia dermatome

A

S2.3

FINALS - NEURO (16 decks)

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