epilepsy + seizures Flashcards
which conditions have an assoc with epilepsy
cerebral palsy // tuberous sclerosis // mitochondrial disease
where do focal vs generalised seizures occur
focal = localised part of the brain, 1 sided // generalised = all parts of brain imparied, both sides
RF for developing epilepsy
brith and development, past seizures, head injury, FH
stages of a seizure
aura (maybe) –> seizure –> post-ictal
what are focal aware (simple) seizures
focal seizures affecting one side of the brain –> symptoms correlate with area of brain –> awareness usually not impaired
frontal lobe focal seizure symptoms
motor movement // jacksonian march - clonic movements start distally and move proximally
parietal lobe focal seizure symptoms
sensory signs
occipital lobe focal seizure symptoms
visual flashes, hallucinations
what are focal impaired awareness (complex) seizures + symptoms
aura (rising epigastric feeling) // LOC // repetiitve movement usually lip smacking, grabbing // last 1 min // post-ictal confusion
where do focal impaired awareness seizures usually occur in brain
temporal lobe
symptoms absence seizures
abrupt LOC and patient stares into space // tone preserved // no post-ictal confusion // lasts 10 secs
who usually gets absence seizures
girls aged 3-10
EEG absence seizure
3Hz bilateral wave pattern
symptoms myoclonic seizures
brief muscle contractions in small groups of muscles –> a single jerk
what are symptoms of juvenile myoclonic eplipesy + what age
12-18 // brief myoclonic jerks // happens in morning or when sleep deprived // daytime abscence
what does juvenile myoclonic epilepsy usually develop too
tonic-clonic
symptoms tonic seizure
brief LOX –>fall –> extended neck and back, stiff body
symptoms clonic seizure
repeated myoclonic movements // parts of body shake and jerk frequently
phases tonic clonic seizures
tonic: LOC, fall, tongue biting, incontinence // clonic: start to jerk around, eyes roll back // post-ictal confusion + headache
what are secondary seizures
when previous focal seizures spread to bilateral general seizures
general symptoms post-ictally
headache, drowsy, confused for around 15 minutes
invx seizures
ECG!! // MRI // EEG
mx tonic-clonic seizures
1 = sodium valproate // 2 = lamotrigene or levetiracetam
mx absence seizures
1 = ethosuximide // 2 = sodium valpraote, lamotrigene or levetiracetam
