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FINALS - NEURO > movement disorders > Flashcards

movement disorders Flashcards

1
Q

where is wernickes area + what blood vessel supplies it

A

superior temporal gyrus - left MCA

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2
Q

symptoms wenickes aphasia

A

receptive aphasia - sentences do not make sense and comprehension impaired

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3
Q

where is brocas area + what blood vessel supplies it

A

inferior frontal gyrus - left MCA

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4
Q

symptoms brocas aphasia

A

expressive aphasia - fluint is laboured and halting, comprehension normal

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5
Q

area affected in conduction aphasia

A

arcuate fasculus (connects wernickes and brocas)

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6
Q

symptoms conduction aphasia

A

speech is fluent but repetition poor, aware of errors, comprehension normal

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7
Q

symptoms global aphasia

A

laboured and halting aphasia that does not make sense, comprehension impaired

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8
Q

what is ataxia

A

problems with coordination, balance and speech - originate in cerbellum

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9
Q

which part of cerebellar causes peripheral ataxia eg fnger nose

A

hemisphere

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10
Q

which part of cerebellar causes gait ataxia

A

vermis

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11
Q

inheritance friedreich’s ataxia + gene

A

recessive, GAA repeat on chromosome 9, does not demonstrate anticipation

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12
Q

age of onset and symptoms friedreich’s ataxia (7)

A

10-15 // absent ankle jerk or plantars //cerebellar ataxia // optic atrophy //spinocerebellar tract degen // HCOM // DM // high arch palate

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13
Q

ataxia telangiectasia inheritance

A

recessive, defect in ATM gene

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14
Q

symptoms and onset ataxia telangiectasia i

A

age 1-5 // cerebellar ataxia // telangiectasia // IgA def –> chest infection // risk of malignancy

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15
Q

what type of immunodeficiency is ataxia telangiectasia i

A

combined

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16
Q

what are action/ postural tremors

A

worse with arms outsretched, absent at rest

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17
Q

what can cause active tremours

A

anxiety, alcohol, withdrawal, benign essential tremor, thyrotoxicosis, drugs eg salbutamol, coffee

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18
Q

what hz are active tremors

A

always below 13Hz

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19
Q

inheritance benign essential tremor

A

autosomal dominant

20
Q

symtoms benign essential tremor

A

bilateral postural tremor (worse with out stretched hands) - most common head tremor

21
Q

what relieves benign essential tremor

A

alcohol and rest

22
Q

mx benign essenital tremor

A

beta blockers

23
Q

what can cause postural active tremors

A

anxiety, alcohol, withdrawal, benign essential tremor, thyrotoxicosis, drugs eg salbutamol, coffee

24
Q

what can cause intention tremors

A

worse with movement - cerebellar disease

25
Q

parkinsons tremor

A

resting - better with movement, pin-rolling, bradykinesia

26
Q

what is dystonia

A

involuntary, sustained muscle contractions that result in abnormal postures and twisting

27
Q

what is focal dystonia and examples

A

limited to one muscle group - cervical neck torticollis // eye blephospasm // jaw clenching (trismus)

28
Q

mx focal dystonia

A

botox injection

29
Q

what usually causes generalised dystonia

A

genetic autosomal dominant condition

30
Q

mx generalised dystonia

A

anticholergics eg procyclidine

31
Q

what drugs usually cause acute dystonia

A

metoclompramide, antiphysotics

32
Q

mx acute dystonia

A

anticholergics eg procyclidine

33
Q

what is chorea

A

non-rythymical, irregular, jerky movements randomly distributed eg facial grimacing, writhing of shoulder, rapid finger movement

34
Q

what can cause chorea

A

huntingtons, wilsons, sydenhams

35
Q

what inheritance and mutation is huntingtons

A

CAG expansion chromsome 4 - autosomal dominant // genetic anticipation

36
Q

pathology huntingtons

A

atrophy basal ganglia + caudate nucleus –> frontal and parietal atrophy

37
Q

when does huntingtons present and what is the triad

A

40s: emotional cognitive and motor disturbance

38
Q

early huntington symptoms

A

depression, clumsiness, chorea

39
Q

late huntington symptoms

A

chorea, dementia, dysphagia and aphasia

40
Q

mx huntingtons

A

tetrabenazine

41
Q

what is sydenhams chorea + what usually causes it

A

strep throat –> rheumatic fever –> chorea in children

42
Q

what is restless leg symptoms

A

uncontrollable urge to move leg, occur at night, worse at rest // parasthesia

43
Q

assoc with restless leg

A

FH // iron deficiency // uraemia // DM // pregnant

44
Q

invx restless leg

A

ferritin to exlude anaemia

45
Q

mx restless leg

A

walking, massage // 1 = dopamine agonist, 2 = benzos or gabapentin

FINALS - NEURO (16 decks)

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