infection

Question 1

causes viral meningitis

Answer 1

entervirus eg coxsaxkie, echovirus // mumps, measles // HSV, CMV, HIV

Question 2

RF viral meningitis

Answer 2

v young and old // immunocompromised // IVDU

Question 3

meningitis neonates organism

Answer 3

group B!!! // listeria // E.coli

Question 4

meningitis children <10

Answer 4

Haem influenze // neisseria menigitiditis // strep pneumo

Question 5

most common meningitis in 10-60

Answer 5

neisseria menigitiditis // strep pneumo

Question 6

meningitis cause 60+

Answer 6

eisseria menigitiditis // strep pneumo // listeria

Question 7

meningitis cause immunosuppresed

Answer 7

listeria

Question 8

symptoms meningitis

Answer 8

headache, fever, N+V, photophobia, drowsiness, confusion, seizures, neck stiffness, rash (meningococcal disease) // viral tends to be milder and less neuro symptoms eg seizures

Question 9

LP bacterial meningitis

Answer 9

cloudy // low glucose // high protein // higher white cell count

Question 10

LP viral meningitis

Answer 10

clearer appearance // normal glucose //normal or slight raised proteins // lower WCC

Question 11

LP TB meningitis

Answer 11

cloudy + fibrin web // low flucose // high protein // lower WCC

Question 12

contraindications to LP

Answer 12

signs of raised ICP: focal neuro signs, papilloedema, bulging fontanelle, DIC // severe sepsis or rash // bleeding risk

Question 13

if LP cannot be taken within 1st hour what should be done

Answer 13

take blood cultures and give IV abx

Question 14

what type of meningitis is LP contraindicated in

Answer 14

meningococcal sepsis

Question 15

invx when LP contraindicated

Answer 15

blood cultures + PCR

Question 16

invx for viral meningitis

Answer 16

PCR

Question 17

invx TB meningitis

Answer 17

PCR or Ziehl-Neelson

Question 18

what mx can be given for suspected bacteral meningitis in GP

Answer 18

IM pen V

Question 19

antibotics for bacterial meningitis

Answer 19

<3 months = IV ceftriaxone + amox // <50 = IV ceftriaxome // >50 or immunocompromised = IV ceftriaxone + amox

Question 20

anx if pen allergy meningitis

Answer 20

chloramphenicol (+ vanco)

Question 21

mx for brain oedema meningitis

Answer 21

IV dex

Question 22

when should mx for oedema in meningitis not be given

Answer 22

<3 months // septic shock // meningococcal sepsis

Question 23

abx if viral meningitis

Answer 23

IV acyclovir if HSV suspected

Question 24

when is prophylaxis for bacterial meningitis indicated

Answer 24

close contact within 7 days

Question 25

prophlyactic mx for meningitis

Answer 25

oral cipro or rifampicin

Question 26

complications from meningitis

Answer 26

sensorineural hearing loss // seizure // focal neuro deficit

Question 27

what strain of meningococcus are Uk kids vaccinated against

Answer 27

A,B,C

Question 28

when are meningitis vaccines given

Answer 28

2 months, 4 months, 12 months

Question 29

what is encephalitis

Answer 29

swelling of brain itself (frontal temporal lobes involved)

Question 30

causes encephalitis

Answer 30

HSV1 (CMV, HIV, measles)

Question 31

symptoms encephalitis

Answer 31

fever, headache, speech and memoru problems, aphasia, seizures

Question 32

invx encephalitis

Answer 32

CSF + PCR: lymphocytosis, elevated proteins // MRI // EEG: 2hz

Question 33

mx encephalitis

Answer 33

IV acyclovir

Question 34

which lobe does HSV encephalitis affect

Answer 34

temporal

Question 35

how to brain abscess form

Answer 35

sepsis, extension from middle ear, endocarditis, trauma

Question 36

symptoms brain abscess

Answer 36

headache, fever, focal neruopathy eg CNIII or CNIV, raised ICP

Question 37

invx brain abscess

Answer 37

CT

Question 38

where do spinal epidural abscesses form

Answer 38

superifical to dura mater

Question 39

how does spinal epidural abscesses form

Answer 39

from discitis, bacteraemia, IVDU, spinal injury

Question 40

RF spinal epidural abscesses

Answer 40

HIV, diabetes, alcohol, chemo, steroids

Question 41

organism spinal epidural abscesses

Answer 41

staph A

Question 42

symptoms spinal epidural abscesses

Answer 42

fever, back pain, focal neuro deficits