brain tumours Flashcards
symptoms parietal legions (4)
loss of sensation, apraxias (maths, writing), astereognosis (can’t identify an object by touch), contalateral inferior quadrantanopia
symptoms occipital legions (4)
hemioanopia + macular sparing // cortical blindess// visual agnosia // hallucinations
symptoms temporal legion (3)
wernickes aphasia (word substitution, neologism // superior quadrantopia // emotion and memory issues
frontal lobe legions (5)
disinhibition! // expressive (brocas) aphasia: non-fluent speech // asomnia // weakness // preservation
cerebellar legion symptoms
gait and ataxia // tremor // vertiga // nystagmus // dyskinesia
what can a legion in the thalamus or hypothalamus cause
wernickes or korsakoff
legion in subthalmic nucleus of basal ganglia symptoms
sudden, flinging movements
legion in caudate/ striatum nucleus of basal ganglia symptoms
huntington chorea
legion in substantia nigra of basal ganglia symptoms
parkinsons
general symptoms brain tumour
extreme headache (worse lying down + wakes you) // worse on cough // seizure // visual defects // papilledema
where are the majority of tumours in children
infratentorial –> ataxic gait + tiptoeing
invx brain tumour
CT or MRI
seizure and raised ICP tumour mx
phenytoin // mannitol + dexamethasone
mx brain tumour
surgery +/- radio or chemo
most common type of brain tumours
gliomas esp astrocytoma
who usually gets gliomas
children and young adults 20-30
most common glioma in children
pilocytic astromcytoma
different grades of glioma
I = pilocytic glioma // II = oligodendrogioma // III = anaplastic astrocytoma // IV = glioblastoma multiforme
what symptoms can pilocytic astrocytomas cause in children
laughing seizures
where do oligodendrogliomas usually form
frontal lobe
histology oligodendrogliomas
invade subarachnoid –> grey pink toothpaste appearance
age glioblastoma multiform
60-70
MRI glioblastoma multiforme
butterfly
chemo for glioblastoma
temozolomide
mx for oedema in brain tumours
dexa
most common primary brain tumour adults
glioblastoma
2nd most common brain tumour adults
meningioma
where do meningionas arise from
arachnoid cap cells - usually next to dura
where do vestibular schwannomas typically arise
cerebellopontine angle on CNVIII
what is bilateral vestibular schwannomas assoc with
NF2
symptoms vestibular schwannomas
age 30-50 // sensorineural hearling loss // loss of corneal reflex // facial nerve palsy // tinnitus
where do hermangioblastomas usually form
vascular tumour of cerebellum
what is hermangioblastoma assoc with
von HL syndrome (multiple hermangiomas)
symptoms hermangioblastoma
cerebellar symptoms
where do ependymomas form + what symptoms
4th venticles, hydrocephalus
most common supratentorial paeds tumour
Craniopharyngioma
symptoms + invx Craniopharyngioma
hormonal disturbance, hydrocephalus, bitempiral hemianopnia // MRI + endocrine profile
who gets medulloblastoma/ where do they arrise
children, aggressive, cerebellum
where does medulloblastoma spread too
down CSF and spinal cord // crumbly appearance
mx medulloblastoma
radio + resection
common brain mets (most –> least)
lung –> breast –> bowerl –> melanoma –> kidney –> thyroid
what inheritance is von hippel lindae
autosomal dominant chromsome 3
symptoms legion cerebellar hemisphere
peripheral ‘finger nose’ ataxia
symptoms legion cerebellar vermis
central ataxia
where in brain are mengiomas found
falx cerebri, superior sagittal sinus, convexity or skull base.
