brain tumours

Question 1

symptoms parietal legions (4)

Answer 1

loss of sensation, apraxias (maths, writing), astereognosis (can’t identify an object by touch), contalateral inferior quadrantanopia

Question 2

symptoms occipital legions (4)

Answer 2

hemioanopia + macular sparing // cortical blindess// visual agnosia // hallucinations

Question 3

symptoms temporal legion (3)

Answer 3

wernickes aphasia (word substitution, neologism // superior quadrantopia // emotion and memory issues

Question 4

frontal lobe legions (5)

Answer 4

disinhibition! // expressive (brocas) aphasia: non-fluent speech // asomnia // weakness // preservation

Question 5

cerebellar legion symptoms

Answer 5

gait and ataxia // tremor // vertiga // nystagmus // dyskinesia

Question 6

what can a legion in the thalamus or hypothalamus cause

Answer 6

wernickes or korsakoff

Question 7

legion in subthalmic nucleus of basal ganglia symptoms

Answer 7

sudden, flinging movements

Question 8

legion in caudate/ striatum nucleus of basal ganglia symptoms

Answer 8

huntington chorea

Question 9

legion in substantia nigra of basal ganglia symptoms

Answer 9

parkinsons

Question 10

general symptoms brain tumour

Answer 10

extreme headache (worse lying down + wakes you) // worse on cough // seizure // visual defects // papilledema

Question 11

where are the majority of tumours in children

Answer 11

infratentorial –> ataxic gait + tiptoeing

Question 12

invx brain tumour

Answer 12

CT or MRI

Question 13

seizure and raised ICP tumour mx

Answer 13

phenytoin // mannitol + dexamethasone

Question 14

mx brain tumour

Answer 14

surgery +/- radio or chemo

Question 15

most common type of brain tumours

Answer 15

gliomas esp astrocytoma

Question 16

who usually gets gliomas

Answer 16

children and young adults 20-30

Question 17

most common glioma in children

Answer 17

pilocytic astromcytoma

Question 18

different grades of glioma

Answer 18

I = pilocytic glioma // II = oligodendrogioma // III = anaplastic astrocytoma // IV = glioblastoma multiforme

Question 19

what symptoms can pilocytic astrocytomas cause in children

Answer 19

laughing seizures

Question 20

where do oligodendrogliomas usually form

Answer 20

frontal lobe

Question 21

histology oligodendrogliomas

Answer 21

invade subarachnoid –> grey pink toothpaste appearance

Question 22

age glioblastoma multiform

Answer 22

60-70

Question 23

MRI glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 23

butterfly

Question 24

chemo for glioblastoma

Answer 24

temozolomide

Question 25

mx for oedema in brain tumours

Answer 25

dexa

Question 26

most common primary brain tumour adults

Answer 26

glioblastoma

Question 27

2nd most common brain tumour adults

Answer 27

meningioma

Question 28

where do meningionas arise from

Answer 28

arachnoid cap cells - usually next to dura

Question 29

where do vestibular schwannomas typically arise

Answer 29

cerebellopontine angle on CNVIII

Question 30

what is bilateral vestibular schwannomas assoc with

Answer 30

NF2

Question 31

symptoms vestibular schwannomas

Answer 31

age 30-50 // sensorineural hearling loss // loss of corneal reflex // facial nerve palsy // tinnitus

Question 32

where do hermangioblastomas usually form

Answer 32

vascular tumour of cerebellum

Question 33

what is hermangioblastoma assoc with

Answer 33

von HL syndrome (multiple hermangiomas)

Question 34

symptoms hermangioblastoma

Answer 34

cerebellar symptoms

Question 35

where do ependymomas form + what symptoms

Answer 35

4th venticles, hydrocephalus

Question 36

most common supratentorial paeds tumour

Answer 36

Craniopharyngioma

Question 37

symptoms + invx Craniopharyngioma

Answer 37

hormonal disturbance, hydrocephalus, bitempiral hemianopnia // MRI + endocrine profile

Question 38

who gets medulloblastoma/ where do they arrise

Answer 38

children, aggressive, cerebellum

Question 39

where does medulloblastoma spread too

Answer 39

down CSF and spinal cord // crumbly appearance

Question 40

mx medulloblastoma

Answer 40

radio + resection

Question 41

common brain mets (most –> least)

Answer 41

lung –> breast –> bowerl –> melanoma –> kidney –> thyroid

Question 42

what inheritance is von hippel lindae

Answer 42

autosomal dominant chromsome 3

Question 43

symptoms legion cerebellar hemisphere

Answer 43

peripheral ‘finger nose’ ataxia

Question 44

symptoms legion cerebellar vermis

Answer 44

central ataxia

Question 45

where in brain are mengiomas found

Answer 45

falx cerebri, superior sagittal sinus, convexity or skull base.