Physiological solutions and fluid compartments Flashcards
Feedback system that anticipates the body’s needs
ex. Salivation before eating/ when smell a tasty yummy food
Feed-forward system
Feedback system that promotes change
ex. Oxytocin release and contractions during childbirth
Postive feedback
Feedback system that opposes change
ex. HPA axis
Negative Feedback system
It involves the impact of disease on processes and functions and the body’s attempt to restore homeostasis
Pathophysiology
In a 70kg (154 lb) male:
TBW= total body water
ICF= intracellular fluid
ECF= extracellular fluid
TBW= 60% of body wt
TBW=.6 X body wt
ICF= 40% of body wt
ICF=.4 X body wt
ECF=20% of body wt
ECF= .2 X body wt
60-40-20 rule
60% of body wt is TBW
40% of body wt is ICF
20% of body wt is ECF
It’s fluid contained w/in cells
it’s 2/3rds of TBW
It’s 40% of body wt
It’s separated from the ECF by the cell membrane
ICF
It’s the fluid outside the cells
It’s 1/3rd of TBW
It’s divided into 2 compartments: 1. interstitial fluid (ISF) and 2. Plasma
It’s separated from the ICF by the cell membrane
ISF is separated from Plasma by the capillary wall
ECF
It’s the fluid that bathes the cells
It’s the largest of the ECF subcompartments
It’s 75% of ECF
ISF and lymph water are 15% of body wt
ISF
Common indicators to find total body water volume
Heavy water/ deuterium (D2O) and tritiated water (HTO)
Common indicators to find ECF volume
Impermeant ions, inulin (inert sugar), mannitol (inert sugar)
Common indicators to find plasma volume
Evans blue dye and radioiodinated albumin
How much water does avg. person drink per day?
A. 350 mL/day
B. 1000 mL/day
C. 1200 mL/day
D. 2550 mL/day
C. 1200mL.
Avg. person intakes 1200 mL/day of water
How much water does the avg. person consume in food per day?
A. 350 mL/day
B. 1000 mL/day
C. 1200 mL/day
D. 2550 mL/day
B. 1000 mL.
The avg. person consumes 1000 mL/day of water in food
How much metabolic water is produced per day by the avg. person?
A. 350 mL/day
B. 1000 mL/day
C. 1200 mL/day
D. 2550 mL/day
A. 350 mL/day
The avg. person produces 350mL of metabolic water/day
What is the total water intake for the avg. person?
Total water intake =Water drunk+water consumed in food+Metabolically produced water
A. 350 mL/day
B. 1000 mL/day
C. 1200 mL/day
D. 2550 mL/day
D. 2550 mL/day
The avg. person intakes 2550 mL of water per day.
=1200mL/day+1000mL/day+350mL/day
=2550 mL/day
How much body water is lost via insensible loss from the skin and lungs?
A. 50 mL/day
B. 100 mL/day
C. 900 mL/day
D. 1500 mL/day
E. 2550 mL/day
C. 900 mL/day
900 mL/day of water is lost via insensible loss
How much body water is lost via sweat?
A. 50 mL/day
B. 100 mL/day
C. 900 mL/day
D. 1500 mL/day
E. 2550 mL/day
A. 50 mL/day
50 mL of water per day are lost via sweat
How much body water is lost in feces per day?
A. 50 mL/day
B. 100 mL/day
C. 900 mL/day
D. 1500 mL/day
E. 2550 mL/day
B. 100 mL/day
100 mLof water is lost in feces
How much body water is lost in urine per day?
A. 50 mL/day
B. 100 mL/day
C. 900 mL/day
D. 1500 mL/day
E. 2550 mL/day
D. 1500 mL/day
1500 mL of water is lost per day in urine
What is the total fluid loss per day?
Total fluid loss= insensible loss+ sweat +feces+urine
A. 50 mL/day
B. 100 mL/day
C. 900 mL/day
D. 1500 mL/day
E. 2550 mL/day
E. 2550 mL/day
Total fluid loss is 2550 mL/day
Total fluid loss needs to equal total fluid intake to maintain water balance (homeostasis)
What separates ICF from ECF?
A. Plasma membranes of cells
B. capillary endothelium
C. None of the above
A. Plasma membranes of cells.
Plasma membranes of cells separates ICF from ECF
What separates ISF from Plasma?
A. Plasma membranes of cells
B. capillary endothelium
C. None of the above
B. Capillary endothelium.
Capillary endothelium separates ISF from plasma
1/4 ECF= ISF
3/4 ECF=plasma
ECF=ISF+plasma
