FHDT Neoplasia Dr. Nyanda Flashcards
When is drug therapy used?
drug therapy is used when the tumor has spread, or may spread, to all areas of the body.
What does the type of treatment depend on?
The type of treatment depends on the stage of the cancer
what is the treatment for non-small cell lung cancer?
radiation therapy
what is the treatment for small cell lung cancer?
perform surgery
it is the use of high nrg x-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells
it’s good for treating non-small cell cancer cells
radiation therapy
what are side effects of radiation therapy?
fatigue, malaise (feeling unwell), loss of apetite, and skin irritation at treatment site
it’s use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
a combo of drugs is often used
drugs can be cell cycle phase specific or cell cycle phase nonspecific.
chemotherapy
they’re agents with mjr activity in a particular phase of the cell cycle
they’re schedule dependent
cell cycle phase specific chemotherapeutics
they’re agents with significant activity in multiple phases of the cell cycle
they’re dose dependent
cell cycle phase nonspecific chemotherapeutics
it's the largest group of chemotherapeutics it includes: alkylating agents antimetabolites antitumor antibiotics plant alkaloids misc.
cytotoxic drugs
they’re cell cycle phase nonspecific compounds that transfer an alkyl group to the 7 nitrogen atom of guanine residues in one or both strands of DNA
they’re main effect is on DNA synthesis (S phase) with most cytotoxicity to rapidly proliferating cells (hair cells, GI tract cells, taste buds, and tumor cells)
all are electrophilic molecules that covalently modify nucleophilic molecules in cells
DNA is most important adduct (N7 and O6 of guanine) residues in one or both strands of DNA
alkylating agents pt. 1: general info
they're used to treat: hodgkin's disease non-hodgkin's lymphoma ovarian carcinoma and are used for immunosuppression in transplantation
alkylating agents pt. 2: clinical uses of alkylating agents
toxicity results in bone marrow (BM) depression
toxicity is dose limiting
alkylating agents pt. 3: toxicity
side effects are:
nausea/vomiting
alopecia
diarrhea
sterility
alkylating agents pt. 4: side effects of alkylating agents
they’re a type of alkylating agent
they form a platinum coordination complex , which forms cross-links with DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis (S phase)
they’re used to treat testicular, bladder, lung, and ovarian carcinoma
adverse effects include nephrotoxicity
members include: cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin
platinum analogs