FHDT: Pathology Week 3 Flashcards
Congenital malformations are associated with
Answer
acquisition in utero chromosomal defects familial tendency genetic transmission maternal drug ingestion
acquisition in utero
Disorderly arrangement of maturing squamous of epithelium of the skin with an intact basement membrane is by definition
Answer
hyperplasia metaplasia neoplasia dysplasia anaplasia
dysplasia
A mass composed of a mixture of normal tissues NOT native to the location and in abnormal amount or arrangement is called a(n)
Answer
hamartoma teratoma mixed tumor choristoma embryonal tumor
choristoma
An increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the number of cells is called
Answer
hypertrophy regeneration hyperplasia metaplasia atrophy
hyperplasia
Loss of orderly maturation of epithelium is by definition
Answer
hyperplasia metaplasia neoplasia Anaplasia Dysplasia
Dysplasia.
Dysplasia is loss of orderly maturation of epithelium, disordered growth and maturation.
Not Anaplasia b/c anaplasia is loss of differentiation in cells
An acquired decrease in the size of a normally developed tissue or organ is
Answer
hypoplasia neoplasia metaplasia atrophy aplasia
atrophy.
Atrophy: Is a decrease in the size of a normally formed tissue or organ, resulting from a decrease either in the size of individual cells or in the number of cells composing the tissue.
A mass composed of normal tissues native to the location but in abnormal amount or arrangement is called a(n)
Answer
hamartoma teratoma mixed tumor choristoma embryonal tumor
hamartoma
Hamartoma- Is a tumor-like mass resulting from the overgrowth of mature, histologically normal cells and tissue that normally occur in the affected part, but often with one element predominating.
Mature squamous epithelium replacing the pseudostratified columnar epithelium normally in bronchial lining is an example of
Answer
hyperplasia Metaplasia neoplasia dysplasia anaplasia
Metaplasia
Metaplasia is an abnormality of cellular differentiation in which one type of mature cell is replaced by a different and the latter is not normal for the tissue involved.
An increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of the constituent cells but not an increase in their number is called
Answer
hypertrophy regeneration metaplasia hyperplasia atrophy
hypertrophy
A congenital decrease in the size of a developing tissue or organ is
Answer
atrophy neoplasia metaplasia hypoplasia aplasia
hypoplasia.
Agenesis is the failure of an organ to develop due to failure of the primordial organ to develop. It’s the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development due to the absence of primordial tissue
aplasia is the defective development resulting in the absence of all or part of an organ or tissue.
Metaplasia is thought to be caused in most cases by
Answer
genetic mutation oncogenic virus chronic irritation immunologic reaction congenital defect
chronic irritation
Mature squamous epithelium in bronchial lining is an example of
Answer
hyperplasia metaplasia neoplasia dysplasia anaplasia
metaplasia
A cervical biopsy of a 24-year-old woman shows maturated squamous epithelium replacing the expected cuboidal mucosal surface of the endocervical glands. This is an example of
Answer
anaplasia dysplasia hyperplasia metaplasia neoplasia
metaplasia
Autolysis is produced by
Answer
antibodies endogenous enzymes phagocytic leukocytes bacterial enzymes anoxia
endogenous enzymes
Lethally injured cells show an increase in
Answer
adenosine triphosphate activity pH RNA synthesis sodium content
sodium content
Electron microscopic examination of cell reveals a simple swelling of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum without any significant additional abnormality. Which of the following is true?
Answer
this is inconsistent with changes observed with cell injury the likelihood of functional derangement in very low, if at all this is consistent with hypoxic cellular injury these changes would not be manifested with light microscope
this is consistent with hypoxic cellular injury
Of the following, which would require the greatest duration of time to show evidence of cell injury in association with sustained occlusion of an supplying artery?
Answer
brain heart epidermis liver kidney
epidermis.
Not brain, b/c brain would be one of the first to show evidence of cell injury b/c neurons are very susceptible to hypoxic cell injury.
Cloudy swelling, hydropic change and fatty change are all examples of
Answer
early neoplastic change hyaline change patterns of cell death postmortem artefact reversible cell injury
reversible cell injury
Fatty change is most commonly seen in the
Answer
heart kidney spleen lung liver
liver
In association with cell injury each of the following is characteristically decreased EXCEPT:
Answer
oxidative phosphorylation ATP pH glycolysis protein synthesis
glycolysis
The first point of attack of hypoxia inducing cell injury is:
Answer
the plasma membrane oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria protein synthesis by rough endoplasmic reticulum enzymes of the lysosomes the genetic apparatus of the nucleus
oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria
A myocardial infarct is a good example of
Answer
caseous necrosis enzymatic fat necrosis liquefactive necrosis coagulative necrosis gangrenous necrosis
coagulative necrosis
Liquefactive necrosis is always seen in brain and is seen elsewhere as abscesses
Caseous necrosis=TB and granulomas
Which of the following is the first sign of anoxic cell injury?
Answer
cell swelling vacuolization karyorrhexis mitochondrial calcification pyknosis
cell swelling
Accumulation of fat in the liver following administration of carbon tetrachloride results from
Answer
an increased uptake of blood triglycerides a decrease in fatty acid oxidation inhibition of lipoprotein synthesis enhanced synthesis of free fatty acids increased synthesis of glycerides
inhibition of lipoprotein synthesis
Carbon tetrachloride inhibits lipoprotein synthesis causing accumulation of fat in the liver. Need lipoproteins to carry lipids out, so without them, the lipids accumulate in the hepatocytes
Ultrastructural changes seen with reversible injury include each of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
myelin figures blebs on the cell surface blunting of the microvilli swelling of the mitochondria dense, calcium rich granules
dense, calcium rich granules
Signs of reversible cell injury are: Myelin figures, blebs on the cell surface, blunting of the microvilli, and swelling of the mitochondria.
In ischemic cell injury there is an
Answer
efflux of K+ and Na+ influx of K+ and Ca++ influx of K+ and H2O influx of Na+ and Ca++ influx of Na+ and K+
influx of Na+ and Ca++
In ischemic cell injury there is an influx of Na+ and Ca2+
The most common cause of hypoxia associated with significant amount of cell injury is:
Answer
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease anemia carbon monoxide poisoning vascular occlusion cardiorespiratory failure
vascular occlusion
Each of the following concerning increased activity of phosphofructokinase is TRUE, EXCEPT:
Answer
stimulated by an increase in ATP results in a decrease in intracellular pH associated with a decrease in intracellular glycogen results in ATP generation from glycogen indirectly associated with the early clumping of nuclear chromatin
stimulated by an increase in ATP
- Following a myocardial infarction, the increased level of the serum enzyme creatine kinase is due to
Answermitochondrial swellingnuclear lysisincreased permeability of plasma membranesincreased endoplasmic reticulumincreased golgi activity
increased permeability of plasma membranes
A-
An-
ex. Agenesis
Without
agenesis= without beginning
