Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GRE Psych > Physiological Psych > Flashcards

Physiological Psych Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GRE® Vocabulary flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

earliest theories that behavior, intellect, and even personality might be linked to brain anatomy; phrenology

A

Gall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ablation (extirpation)

A

various parts of the brain are surgically removed, and the behavioral consequences are observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments

A

Functionalism (James)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

study of the organism as a whole

A

Dewey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

behavioral deficits of people with brain damage

A

Broca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

each sensory nerve is excited by only one kind of energy

A

Müller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse

A

Helmholtz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

inferred the existence of synapses

A

Sherrington

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

transmit sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord and brain

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

transmit motor information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

found between other neurons; most numerous; linked to reflexive behavior

A

Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

behavior that is crucial to survival

A

Reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PNS

A

nerve tissue fibers outside the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

sensory and motor neurons distributed throughout the skin and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

regulates heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and glandular secretions; independent of conscious control; Cannon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antagonistic

A

act in opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

conserve energy; resting and digesting

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter responsible for parasympathetic responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight; adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where the brain meets the spinal cord; balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, and general arousal processes

A

Hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sensorimotor reflexes that also promote survival

A

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes; emotion and memory

A

Forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Limbic system

A

group of neural structures primarily associated with emotion and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres; language processing, problem solving, impulse control, long-term planning

A

Cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Phylogeny

A

evolutionary development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

responsible for regulation vital functioning

A

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

sensory and motor tracts between the cortex and the medulla

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

helps maintain posture and balance and coordinates body movements

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

regulates arousal, alertness, and attention

A

Reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

receives visual sensory input

A

Superior colliculus

32
Q

receives sensory information from the auditory system

A

Inferior colliculus

33
Q

relay station for incoming sensory information

A

Thalamus

34
Q

homeostatic functions; emotional expression during high arousal stages, aggressive behavior, and sexual behavior

A

Hypothalamus

35
Q

Osmoregulation

A

maintenance of water balance in the body

36
Q

hunger center

A

Lateral hypothalamus

37
Q

Aphagia

A

refusal to eat or drink

38
Q

satiety center

A

Ventromedial hypothalamus

39
Q

Hyperphagia

A

excessive eating

40
Q

Anterior hypothalamus

A

sexual behavior

41
Q

Basal ganglia

A

coordinates muscle movement

42
Q

gathers information about body position; makes our movements smooth and our posture steady

A

Extrapyramidal motor system

43
Q

fluid-filled cavities that link up with the spinal canal

A

Ventricles

44
Q

Septal nuclei

A

primary pleasure centers in the brain; Olds and Milner

45
Q

Septal rage

A

if septal nuclei are damaged, aggressive behavior goes unchecked

46
Q

Amygdala

A

role in defensive and aggressive behaviors

47
Q

changes in animals from bilateral removal of amygdala

A

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

48
Q

not being able to establish new long-term memories

A

Anterograde amnesia

49
Q

memory loss of events that transpired before brain injury

A

Retrograde amnesia

50
Q

bumps and folds in the cortex

A

Convolutions

51
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

serves an executive function;governs and integrates numerous cognitive and behavioral processes

52
Q

area that combines input from diverse brain regions

A

Association area

53
Q

receive incoming sensory information or send out motor-impulse commands

A

Projection area

54
Q

Motor cortex

A

initiates voluntary motor movements

55
Q

Broca’s area

A

speech production

56
Q

destination for all incoming sensory signals for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

A

Somatosensory cortex

57
Q

Hubel and Wiesel

A

visual cortex

58
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

language reception and comprehension

59
Q

one side of brain communicates with the opposite side of the body

A

Contralaterally

60
Q

cerebral hemispheres communicate with the same side of the body

A

Ipsilaterally

61
Q

Sperry and Gazzaniga

A

severing the corpus callosum

62
Q

slight electrical charge stored inside the neuron’s cell membrane

A

Resting potential

63
Q

changes in synaptic transmission underlie changes in behavior

A

Kandel

64
Q

side effect of antipsychotic medication resembling the motor disturbances seen in Parkinson’s disease

A

Tardive dyskinesia

65
Q

stabilizing neural activity in the brain

A

GABA

66
Q

facilitating the transmission of norepinephrine or serotonin at the synapse

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

67
Q

study of neuropsychological disorders

A

Luria

68
Q

Agnosia

A

affects perceptual recognition

69
Q

Apraxia

A

impairment in the organization of motor action

70
Q

neurological disorders characterized by a loss in intellectual functioning

A

Neurocognitive disorders (dementias)

71
Q

Beta waves

A

person is alert or attending to some mental task that requires concentration

72
Q

Alpha waves

A

awake but relaxing with our eyes closed

73
Q

we become aware of our emotion after we notice our physiological reactions to some external event

A

James-Lange Theory

74
Q

awareness of emotions reflects our physiological arousal and our cognitive experience of emotion

A

Cannon-Bard Theory

75
Q

Schacter and Singer

A

two-factor theory; subjective experience of emotion is based on the interaction between changes in physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal

GRE Psych (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions